In recent years, the frequent occurrence of lithium-ion battery safety accidents has brought serious negative impact on the lithium-ion battery industry. In order to reduce the occurrence of such accidents, the battery management system can be used to safely manage the lithium-ion battery and ensure its normal operation. It is very necessary to use sensors to monitor battery parameters in the management process. Optical fiber sensors have the advantages of small size, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, and distributed measurement, which can realize accurate monitoring of lithium-ion batteries. Starting from the monitoring needs of lithium-ion batteries, this paper briefly introduced three mainstream optical fiber sensing principles, and summarized the latest research results of various optical fiber sensing for lithium-ion battery monitoring. Finally, the application of fiber optic sensing technology in monitoring lithium-ion battery parameters was prospected.