Highly Porous Yet Transparent Mechanically Flexible Aerogels Realizing Solar-Thermal Regulatory Cooling

Meng Lian; Wei Ding; Song Liu; Yufeng Wang; Tianyi Zhu; Yue-E. Miao; Chao Zhang; Tianxi Liu

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01356-x

[1] K. Amasyali, N.M. El-Gohary, A review of data-driven building energy consumption prediction studies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 81, 1192–1205 (2018).

[2] L. Pérez-Lombard, J. Ortiz, C. Pout, A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy Build. 40, 394–398 (2008).

[3] W. Chung, Review of building energy-use performance benchmarking methodologies. Appl. Energy 88, 1470–1479 (2011).

[4] E. Abraham, V. Cherpak, B. Senyuk, J.B. ten Hove, T. Lee et al., Highly transparent silanized cellulose aerogels for boosting energy efficiency of glazing in buildings. Nat. Energy 8, 381–396 (2023).

[5] L. Zhao, X. Lee, R.B. Smith, K. Oleson, Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands. Nature 511, 216–219 (2014).

[6] S. Wang, Y. Zhou, T. Jiang, R. Yang, G. Tan et al., Thermochromic smart windows with highly regulated radiative cooling and solar transmission. Nano Energy 89, 106440 (2021).

[7] B. Yu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Self-supporting nanoporous copper film with high porosity and broadband light absorption for efficient solar steam generation. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 94 (2023).

[8] L. Cai, A.Y. Song, W. Li, P.-C. Hsu, D. Lin et al., Spectrally selective nanocomposite textile for outdoor personal cooling. Adv. Mater. 30, e1802152 (2018).

[9] A.P. Raman, M. Abou Anoma, L. Zhu, E. Rephaeli, S. Fan, Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight. Nature 515, 540–544 (2014).

[10] P.-C. Hsu, A.Y. Song, P.B. Catrysse, C. Liu, Y. Peng et al., Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile. Science 353, 1019–1023 (2016).

[11] A. Leroy, B. Bhatia, C. Kelsall, A. Castillejo-Cuberos et al., High-performance subambient radiative cooling enabled by optically selective and thermally insulating polyethylene aerogel. Sci. Adv. 5, eaat9480 (2019).

[12] N.N. Shi, C.C. Tsai, F. Camino, G.D. Bernard, N. Yu et al., Thermal physiology. Keeping cool: enhanced optical reflection and radiative heat dissipation in saharan silver ants. Science 349, 298–301 (2015).

[13] Q. Wu, Y. Cui, G. Xia, J. Yang, S. Du et al., Passive daytime radiative cooling coatings with renewable self-cleaning functions. Chin. Chemical Lett. 35, 108687 (2024).

[14] C. Buratti, E. Moretti, Glazing systems with silica aerogel for energy savings in buildings. Appl. Energy 98, 396–403 (2012).

[15] Q. Liu, A.W. Frazier, X. Zhao, J.A. De La Cruz, A.J. Hess et al., Flexible transparent aerogels as window retrofitting films and optical elements with tunable birefringence. Nano Energy 48, 266–274 (2018).

[16] R.C. Walker, A.P. Hyer, H. Guo, J.K. Ferri, Silica aerogel synthesis/process–property predictions by machine learning. Chem. Mater. 35, 4897–4910 (2023).

[17] S. Luo, L. Peng, Y. Xie, X. Cao, X. Wang et al., Flexible large-area graphene films of 50–600 nm thickness with high carrier mobility. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 61 (2023).

[18] Z. Jiao, W. Huyan, F. Yang, J. Yao, R. Tan et al., Achieving ultra-wideband and elevated temperature electromagnetic wave absorption via constructing lightweight porous rigid structure. Nano-Micro Lett. 14, 173 (2022).

[19] O.A. Tafreshi, Z. Saadatnia, S. Ghaffari-Mosanenzadeh, T. Chen, S. Kiddell et al., Flexible and shape-configurable PI composite aerogel films with tunable dielectric properties. Compos. Commun. 34, 101274 (2022).

[20] X. Yu, X. Ren, X. Wang, G.H. Tang, M. Du, A high thermal stability core–shell aerogel structure for high-temperature solar thermal conversion. Compos. Commun. 37, 101440 (2023).

[21] X. Li, H. He, Q. Liu, C. Zhao, H. Chen, Fabrication and property of hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol/clay aerogel via irradiation-crosslinking and ambient-drying. Compos. Commun. 36, 101359 (2022).

[22] L. Jian, G. Wang, X. Liu, H. Ma, Unveiling an S-scheme F-Co3O4@Bi2WO6 heterojunction for robust water purification. eScience (2023).

[23] E. Rephaeli, A. Raman, S. Fan, Ultrabroadband photonic structures to achieve high-performance daytime radiative cooling. Nano Lett. 13, 1457–1461 (2013).

[24] Z. Chen, L. Zhu, A. Raman, S. Fan, Radiative cooling to deep sub-freezing temperatures through a 24-h day–night cycle. Nat. Commun. 7, 13729 (2016).

[25] K. Xu, Y. Wang, B. Zhang, C. Zhang, T. Liu, Stretchable and self-healing polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite hydrogels for strain sensors with high sensitivity and linearity. Compos. Commun. 24, 100677 (2021).

[26] R. Zhao, E. Songfeng, D. Ning, Q. Ma, B. Geng et al., Strengthening and toughening of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/polymers composite films based on hydrogen bonding interactions. Compos. Commun. 35, 101322 (2022).

[27] M. He, M.K. Alam, H. Liu, M. Zheng, J. Zhao et al., Textile waste derived cellulose based composite aerogel for efficient solar steam generation. Compos. Commun. 28, 100936 (2021).

[28] J. Wu, M. Zhang, M. Su, Y. Zhang, J. Liang et al., Robust and flexible multimaterial aerogel fabric toward outdoor passive heating. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 1545–1555 (2022).

[29] T. Xue, C. Zhu, X. Feng, Q. Wali, W. Fan et al., Polyimide aerogel fibers with controllable porous microstructure for super-thermal insulation under extreme environments. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 1118–1128 (2022).

[30] P.S. Weiss, How do we assess the impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology? ACS Nano 15, 1–2 (2021).

[31] S. Tang, M. Ma, X. Zhang, X. Zhao, J. Fan et al., Covalent cross-links enable the formation of ambient-dried biomass aerogels through the activation of a triazine derivative for energy storage and generation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2205417 (2022).

[32] H. Françon, Z. Wang, A. Marais, K. Mystek, A. Piper et al., Ambient-dried, 3D-printable and electrically conducting cellulose nanofiber aerogels by inclusion of functional polymers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 1909383 (2020).

[33] Z. Ye, C. Hu, J. Wang, H. Liu, L. Li et al., Burst of hopping trafficking correlated reversible dynamic interactions between lipid droplets and mitochondria under starvation. Exploration 3, 20230002 (2023).

[34] L. Wang, Y. Song, L. Li, L. Tao, M. Yan et al., Development of robust perovskite single crystal radiation detectors with high spectral resolution through synergetic trap deactivation and self-healing. InfoMat 5, e12461 (2023).

[35] J. Yang, X. Shen, W. Yang, J.-K. Kim, Templating strategies for 3D-structured thermally conductive composites: recent advances and thermal energy applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 133, 101054 (2023).

[36] R.J. Moon, A. Martini, J. Nairn, J. Simonsen, J. Youngblood, Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 3941–3994 (2011).

[37] X. Han, Z. Wang, L. Ding, L. Chen, F. Wang et al., Water molecule-induced hydrogen bonding between cellulose nanofibers toward highly strong and tough materials from wood aerogel. Chin. Chemical Lett. 32, 3105–3108 (2021).

[38] T. Xue, Y. Yang, D. Yu, Q. Wali, Z. Wang et al., 3D printed integrated gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/polyimide aerogel frames for electromagnetic interference shielding with ultra-low reflection. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 45 (2023).

[39] Y. Deng, Y. Yang, Y. Xiao, H.-L. Xie, R. Lan et al., Ultrafast switchable passive radiative cooling smart windows with synergistic optical modulation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2301319 (2023).

[40] H. Lai, Z. Chen, H. Zhuo, Y. Hu, X. Zhao et al., Defect reduction to enhance the mechanical strength of nanocellulose carbon aerogel. Chin. Chemical Lett. 35, 108331 (2024).

[41] J. Nemoto, T. Saito, A. Isogai, Simple freeze-drying procedure for producing nanocellulose aerogel-containing, high-performance air filters. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 19809–19815 (2015).

[42] B. Wicklein, A. Kocjan, G. Salazar-Alvarez, F. Carosio, G. Camino et al., Thermally insulating and fire-retardant lightweight anisotropic foams based on nanocellulose and graphene oxide. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 277–283 (2015).

[43] R. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Yang, N. Wu, Z. Sui et al., Ultralight aerogel sphere composed of nanocellulose-derived carbon nanofiber and graphene for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. Nano Res. 16, 7931–7940 (2023).

[44] M. Li, X. Chen, X. Li, J. Dong, X. Zhao et al., Controllable strong and ultralight aramid nanofiber-based aerogel fibers for thermal insulation applications. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 1267–1277 (2022).

[45] X. Yang, E.D. Cranston, Chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal aerogels with shape recovery and superabsorbent properties. Chem. Mater. 26, 6016–6025 (2014).

[46] W. Chen, Q. Zhang, K. Uetani, Q. Li, P. Lu et al., Absorption materials: sustainable carbon aerogels derived from nanofibrillated cellulose as high-performance absorption materials. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3, 9 (2016).

[47] S. Gamage, D. Banerjee, M.M. Alam, T. Hallberg, C. Åkerlind et al., Reflective and transparent cellulose-based passive radiative coolers. Cellulose 28, 9383–9393 (2021).

[48] C. Cai, Z. Wei, C. Ding, B. Sun, W. Chen et al., Dynamically tunable all-weather daytime cellulose aerogel radiative supercooler for energy-saving building. Nano Lett. 22, 4106–4114 (2022).

[49] K.-Y. Chan, X. Shen, J. Yang, K.-T. Lin, H. Venkatesan et al., Scalable anisotropic cooling aerogels by additive freeze-casting. Nat. Commun. 13, 5553 (2022).