Silicon-based photonic chips use photon as the information transmission media, which has the advantages of broad bandwidth, high speed, high integration and compatibility with CMOS technology, and has application value in many fields. In this paper, first, several manufacturing platforms of silicon-based photonic chips are introduced, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI), SiN, Ⅲ-Ⅴ compound materials (such as GaAs and InP) and lithium niobate film on silicon, then the development status and challenges of silicon-based photonic chips are reviewed in the fields of optical communication and interconnection, optical computing, biosensors, light detection and ranging (LiDAR)and quantum photonics, and finally, a summary is presented.