Journals >Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
Contents
2010
Volume: 29 Issue 1
16 Article(s)
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Research Article
Biography:PREPARATION OF MESOPOROUS ZnO MICROSPHERES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS
TAO Jun-Chao, SUN Yan, GE Mei-Ying, CHEN Xin, and DAI Ning
A novel ZnO photoanode with high specific surface area and good light scattering ability was fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). The photoanode comprised of mesoporous ZnO microspheres which were prepared by a solvothermal process. The structures and morphologies of ZnO microspheres were measured and confA novel ZnO photoanode with high specific surface area and good light scattering ability was fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). The photoanode comprised of mesoporous ZnO microspheres which were prepared by a solvothermal process. The structures and morphologies of ZnO microspheres were measured and confirmed by means of x-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrum(EDS), and multi-point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) analysis. ZnO microspheres are in sub-micrometer scale and have BET specific surface area of ~50m2·g-1. Furthermore, a~3μm thick photoanode made from ZnO microspheres resultes in a preliminary short-circuit current density(Jsc) of ~45mA·cm-2 with an open-circuit voltage(Voc) of ~602mV and a conversion efficiency of 128% in DSSCs. All these suggest that mesoporous ZnO microspheres can be an alternative and feasible photoanode material for DSSCs..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 1 (2010)
STUDY ON γ IRRADIATION EFFECTS OF LONG-WAVELENGTH HgCdTe PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS WITH DIFFERENT PASSIVATE LAYERS
QIAO Hui, DENG Yi, HU Wei-Da, HU Xiao-Ning, ZHANG Qin-Yao, LI Xiang-Yang, and GONG Hai-Mei
The γ irradiation effects of long-wavelength HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors with different passivate structures(one structure was a single layer of ZnS and the other was double layers of CdTe/ZnS) were studied. A real-time measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristic was performed during the irradiation process. The γ irradiation effects of long-wavelength HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors with different passivate structures(one structure was a single layer of ZnS and the other was double layers of CdTe/ZnS) were studied. A real-time measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristic was performed during the irradiation process. It is found that the detectors exhibit different irradiation effects as the irradiation dosages increase. Numerical fitting of the resistance-voltage (R-V) curves of detectors was made according to the current mechanism of photovoltaic detectors. It is found that the current is mainly trap-assisted-tunneling current(TAT) at larger reverse bias voltages. And it is generation-recombination current (G-R) at smaller and zero reverse bias voltages. After the analysis of R-V curves of detectors before and after irradiation, it is discovered that the double layers of CdTe/ZnS help to reduce the irradiation displacement effect and bring no obvious increase of indirect trap-assisted-tunneling current as the increase of irradiation dosage. It is also found that irradiation ionization effects are closely related to the initial material parameters of the detectors. Besides, it is also found that the detector with a single layer of ZnS has a higher generation-recombination lifetime of minority carriers by fitting method, and its generation-recombination current increases persistently as the increase of irradiation dosage..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 6 (2010)
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ UPCONVERSION NANOFIBERS
WANG Jin-Xian, LIU Li, DONG Xiang-Ting, and LIU Gui-Xia
PVA/[Gd(NO3)3+Yb(NO3)3+Er(NO3)3] composite nanofibers were fabricated by the combination of sol-gel method and electrospinning. Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanofibers were obtained by the calcination of relevant composite nanofibers. The samples were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, FTIR and fluorescence specPVA/[Gd(NO3)3+Yb(NO3)3+Er(NO3)3] composite nanofibers were fabricated by the combination of sol-gel method and electrospinning. Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanofibers were obtained by the calcination of relevant composite nanofibers. The samples were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the composite nanofibers are amorphous in structure, and Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanofibers are cubic in structure with space group Ia3. The mean diameter of the composite nanofibers is 140nm. The Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanofibers of 60nm in average diameter were acquired at 600℃. The water, organic compounds, nitrates in the composite nanofibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the weight of the sample keeps constant when sintering temperature is above 600℃, and the total weight loss percentage is 81%. The FTIR spectrum of the composite nanofibers is basically the same as that of the pure PVA, and Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanofibers are formed above 600℃. In the excitation of a 980 nm continuous wave diode laser, the Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ nanofibers emitt strong green and red upconversion emissions centered at 522nm, 560nm and 659nm, respectively. The green emissions are attributed to the transitions of 2H11/2/4S3/2→4Il5/2 energy levels of Er3+ ions, and the red emission is assigned to the transition of 4F9/2→4Il5/2 energy levels of Er3+ ions. In the course of Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanofibers formation, PVA acts as an oriented template. When the composite nanofibers are sintered, PVA is decomposed and evaporated, and rare earth nitrates are also decomposed and oxidized and then Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles are formed. And these nanoparticles are mutually connected to form the Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanofibers..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 10 (2010)
TERAHERTZ WAVE REFLECTION IMAGING SYSTEM BASED ON BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR AND ITS APPLICATION
GE Xin-Hao, LV Mo, ZHONG Hua, and ZHANG Cun-Lin
A terahertz (THz) wave reflection imaging system based on backward wave oscillator (BWO) was presented. It is a new approach to non-destructive testing. The intensity information of the terahertz wave after being reflected from the sample surface or substrate was collected by a pyroelectric detector, and then imaged byA terahertz (THz) wave reflection imaging system based on backward wave oscillator (BWO) was presented. It is a new approach to non-destructive testing. The intensity information of the terahertz wave after being reflected from the sample surface or substrate was collected by a pyroelectric detector, and then imaged by computer. A number of samples which had potential imaging applications were tested by using 0.7 THz radiation, including coins, badges, a model air-plane and some industrial samples that contained pre-built defects. The experimental results reveal that THz radiation is highly transparent to many industrial materials, especially the “microwave-absorbing” material which is widely used in aero and space technologies..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 15 (2010)
INTERFERENCE CHARACTERTICS OF COLLOIDAL GAS APHRONS AGAINST IR/MMW
JIN Liang-An, TIAN Heng-Dou, ZHAN Xi-Chen, and SHI Kan
The interference characteristics of colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) against IR/MMW were studied to further develop the special interference foam, i.e. a novel multi-band passive interfering technique. CGA is of strong stability and good fluidity. The experiment results show that CGA has much better interference ability agaThe interference characteristics of colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) against IR/MMW were studied to further develop the special interference foam, i.e. a novel multi-band passive interfering technique. CGA is of strong stability and good fluidity. The experiment results show that CGA has much better interference ability against IR / MMW than ordinary interference foam. The theoretical analysis shows that CGA has more interfaces and total reflection advantage due to its structural characteristics such as the small radius of bubble and the thick liquid membrane. These advantages are the important basis of CGA’s excellent interference characteristics according to the theoretical analysis. The study provides a more feasible and effective approach for the use of coating interference foams..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 19 (2010)
COMBINATIONAL ALGORITHM FOR NONUNIFORMITY CORRECTION OF INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAY
SHI Chang-Cheng, ZHANG Tian-Xu, LIU Hui-Na, LI Jie-Jun, ZHOU Yang, and YUAN Ya-Jing
The cause of the target fade-out in the traditional neural network nonuniformity correction algorithms for infrared focal plane array(IRFPA)was studied. A new combinational algorithm for nonuniformity correction was proposed on the basis of analyzing the strengths and limitations of edge-directed NN scheme(ED-NN-NUC) aThe cause of the target fade-out in the traditional neural network nonuniformity correction algorithms for infrared focal plane array(IRFPA)was studied. A new combinational algorithm for nonuniformity correction was proposed on the basis of analyzing the strengths and limitations of edge-directed NN scheme(ED-NN-NUC) and nonuniformity correction combining one-point calibration and NN-NUC. The new algorithm includes three modules which are pre-correction, rough correction and accurate correction. The real infrared image including dim targets was used to validate the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate the target fade-out, and it is less time consuming than ED-NN-NUC..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 23 (2010)
STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT AND DENOISING OF MAMMOGRAMS
ZHANG Xin-Sheng, GAO Xin-Bo, WANG Ying, and ZHANG Shi-Jie
A new algorithm for mammograms enhancement and denoising based on multiscale geometric analysis (MGA) was proposed. Firstly, mammograms were decomposed into different scales and directional subbands by using nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). After modeling the coefficients of each directional subbands and usinA new algorithm for mammograms enhancement and denoising based on multiscale geometric analysis (MGA) was proposed. Firstly, mammograms were decomposed into different scales and directional subbands by using nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). After modeling the coefficients of each directional subbands and using generalized gaussian mixture model (GGMM) according to the statistical property of the transform coefficients, they were categorized into strong edges, weak edges and noise by Bayesian classifier. A nonlinear mapping function was designed to enhance and suppress the different coefficients adaptively so as to obtain a good enhancement result with significant features according to the property of every subband coefficient. Finally, the mammograms were obtained by reconstructing the original maps with the modified coefficients of NSCT. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach is practicable and robust..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 27 (2010)
ESTIMATING THE CONTENT OF SOIL CARBON BY USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA
SHEN Zhang-Quan, WANG Ke, and Xuewen HUANG
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to build predicting model of the content of soil carbon with on-the-go near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements. The model based on band ratio or normalized difference of NIRS data can improve the prediction precision than the model with the originaPartial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to build predicting model of the content of soil carbon with on-the-go near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements. The model based on band ratio or normalized difference of NIRS data can improve the prediction precision than the model with the original NIRS data. The reasons might be that the process of band arithmetic combination could reduce the risk of overfitting and it made the model include more useful components and information. The results show that the effective calibration model between field NIRS and the content of soil carbon can be set up by PLSR, and predicting precision can be improved while band arithmetic combination of ratio or normalized difference is performed on the NIRS data before modeling. Thus, it is feasible to estimate the content of soil carbon quickly in the field by on-the-go NIRS measurement..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 32 (2010)
DIRECTIONAL SIMULATION OF THERMAL INFRARED RADIATION AND 3D RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL OF CANOPY
YANG Gui-Jun, LIU Qin-Huo, LIU Qiang, XIAO Qing, and HUANG Wen-Jiang
Directional thermal radiation of canopy was studied and the related model was set up. According to the mechanism of radiative transfer, 3D canopy scenes were established and the scenes were discretized by differential cells. According to the observed geometric parameters, the radiative transfer of scatter and emission Directional thermal radiation of canopy was studied and the related model was set up. According to the mechanism of radiative transfer, 3D canopy scenes were established and the scenes were discretized by differential cells. According to the observed geometric parameters, the radiative transfer of scatter and emission for every internal cell and among cells was calculated. Finally, the directional thermal radiation of canopy could be retrieved from the integral calculation of all differential bodies in the hemisphere. The existing in-situ data were used to test the 3D radiative transfer model and the simulating results. The correlation coefficients are 0.91 and 0.79, the RMSE are 0.4K and 0.6K, respetively. The results show that the model is effective and it can improve the precision of temperature inversion and realize component temperature inversion..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 38 (2010)
METHOD ON SIMULATING REMOTE SENSING IMAGE BAND BY USING GROUND-OBJECT SPECTRAL FEATURES STUDY
CHENG Xi, SHEN Zhan-Feng, LUO Jian-Cheng, SHEN Jin-Xiang, HU Xiao-Dong, and ZHU Chang-Ming
A method for remote sensing image band simulation based on ground-object spectral features study by support vector machine(SVM) was proposed, since the existing simulation methods had difficulties in the spectrum bands extension. By taking spectral features into account as a priori knowledge and according to the study A method for remote sensing image band simulation based on ground-object spectral features study by support vector machine(SVM) was proposed, since the existing simulation methods had difficulties in the spectrum bands extension. By taking spectral features into account as a priori knowledge and according to the study of the complicated and nolinear relationships among ground-object spectra in different bands by SVM, a new band image was simulated on the basis of the existing sensor bands of multi-spectral remote sensing images. Based on TM red band simulation experiments, it is confirmed that the method can precisely simulate the real spectral images and the simulation results are reliable. Furthermore, the method was used to simulating IRS true-color experiments. The results verify that it is a practical method to reconstruct the missing bands of multi-spectral image. The method effectively resolves the band defection problem of multi-spectral images, and it also resolves the spectral bands deficiency of high spatial resolution remote sensing image to some extent. The method puts forward a new idea for establishing links between ground-object spectrum and remote sensing pixel spectrum..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 45 (2010)
NONUNIFORMITY CORRECTION FOR INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE
BAI Jun-Qi, CHEN Qian, QIAN Wei-Xian, QU Hui-Ming, WANG Xian-Ya, and ZUO Chao
Environmental influence on the signal output of infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) was analyzed. A nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm based on environmental and target temperatures was proposed. First, the original signal was captured by UL01011 staring infrared detector. Then, an exponential response model was eEnvironmental influence on the signal output of infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) was analyzed. A nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm based on environmental and target temperatures was proposed. First, the original signal was captured by UL01011 staring infrared detector. Then, an exponential response model was established according to the principle of least square. Finally, nonuniformity was corrected by this model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can give an exact response in a wider environmental temperature range and enhance effectively the precision of NUC..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 49 (2010)
DETECTING THE MELAMINE OF PURE MILK BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA
XU Yun, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Jing-Zhu, and ZHANG Xiao-Chao
Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine in pure milk was studied by using near infrared spectra(NIRS). Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples in which melamine content was different for qualitative and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster anaRapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine in pure milk was studied by using near infrared spectra(NIRS). Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples in which melamine content was different for qualitative and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster analysis method, two kinds of milk samples with and without melamine were classfied effectively. Spectrum pretreatment and wavelength choice methods were employed before model optimization. In this way, NIRS quantitative model for detecting melamine was established. The results show that NIRS model of detecting melamine content in pure milk has good stability and predictive ability. It suggestes that NIRS can be used as a quick, green and convenient method for detecting melamine in dairy..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 53 (2010)
INFRARED IMAGING MODEL FOR SCENE SIMULATION AND ITS VALIDATION
LI Hong-Ning, BAI Ting-Zhu, CAO Feng-Mei, MA Shuai, XU Kai-Da, YANG Wei-Ping, and FENG Jie
By using the radiance transfer law, the illumination model which was widely used in computer graphics was remodeled into a simplified thermal infrared imaging model. The improvement of the model are as follows: 1) adding the surface temperature distribution and the material parameters to the geometric model, 2) introduBy using the radiance transfer law, the illumination model which was widely used in computer graphics was remodeled into a simplified thermal infrared imaging model. The improvement of the model are as follows: 1) adding the surface temperature distribution and the material parameters to the geometric model, 2) introducing the self emission and the detector property into the illumination model. Based on this model, the ray tracing method was used to construct an infrared imaging system which could get the synthetic infrared images of 3D scenes from any angle of view. The infrared images were calculated for three typical 3D scenes. The calculated results were compared with the real infrared images obtained by a middle infrared band imaging camera. It shows that the infrared images obtained by thermal infrared imaging model are similar to those received by thermal infrared camera. Quantitative analysis shows that there exists difference in absolute brightness, and the reasons are analyzed..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 57 (2010)
IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY SPECTRAL CLUSTERING ALGORITHM WITH SPATIAL COHERENCE CONSTRAINTS
JIA Jian-Hua, and JIAO Li-Cheng
Recently, spectral clustering algorithm has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. By starting from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted keRecently, spectral clustering algorithm has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. By starting from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted kernel K-means, a spectral clustering algorithm with spatial coherence property of images was proposed. By adding a term of spatial constraints to the objective function of weighted kernel K-means, the algorithm made the minimization of objective function be equivalent to the spectral clustering approximatly. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional spectral clustering in image segmentation..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 69 (2010)
APPLYING THE FILTEING ALGORITHM WITH PARTICLE RESIDUAL CONSISTENCY MEASURE TO BEARINGS-ONLY PASSIVE TRACKING
HU Zhen-Tao, PAN Quan, and YANG Feng
Aiming at the disadvantageous influence of evaluating particles weights on the filtering results in the bearings-only passive tracking of low signal-to-interference ratio, a novel particle filter algorithm based on particle residual consistency measure was proposed. Firstly, particle residual was used to realize the maAiming at the disadvantageous influence of evaluating particles weights on the filtering results in the bearings-only passive tracking of low signal-to-interference ratio, a novel particle filter algorithm based on particle residual consistency measure was proposed. Firstly, particle residual was used to realize the mapping transformation of sampling particle from state space to measurement space. Then, confidence level distance and confidence level matrix were constructed to complete the reasonable evaluation of particles weights. The new method effectively extracts and uses the latest measurement information and redundancy and complementary information among particles, which makes the evaluation results of particles weights more stable and reliable. Finally, experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 75 (2010)
Image Processing and Software Simulation
INFRARED TARGET EXTRACTION ALGORITHM BY USINGPARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION PARTICLE FILTER
ZHOU Yue, and MAO Xiao-Nan
A novel infrared target extraction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization particle filter (PSOPF) was proposed. The problem of infrared target extraction was analyzed and solved in the view of state estimation. In the framework of particle filter, the threshold state space on the gray-variance weighted informatA novel infrared target extraction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization particle filter (PSOPF) was proposed. The problem of infrared target extraction was analyzed and solved in the view of state estimation. In the framework of particle filter, the threshold state space on the gray-variance weighted information entropy and the gray value of each pixel was established. Particle swarm optimization was introduced to construct the state transition model. The observation model based on extraction results evaluation function was constructed, which integrated gray, entropy, gradient and spatial distribution of pixels. Finally, the weighted average of all the particles was used as target extraction threshold. The experiment results prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust..
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
- Publication Date: Oct. 31, 2021
- Vol. 29, Issue 1, 63 (2010)
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