Bryophytes, often overlooked, hold significant potential in forensic science. They are widespread globally, boasting unique traits. Numerous documented cases highlight their diverse applications, alongside other botanical evidence, in this field. This reveals their untapped value as a forensic tool, offering new avenues for investigations.

This study focuses on enhancing full-sibling (FS) identification accuracy. It evaluates optimal cut-off values using IBS and LR methods under varying error rates. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and effectiveness were analyzed across 19-55 STRs. Validation with Han population pedigrees in East China confirmed reliability for error rates below 0.01%. The impact of half-siblings and reference relatives was also examined, aligning with China's updated FS identification standards for forensic use.

This study delves into forensic psychiatric analysis of an Italian femicide case. It highlights challenges in dual diagnosis, assessing the perpetrator's mental capacity and diminished responsibility. The analysis also considers the victim's personal predisposition, suggesting her role as an active participant in the crime, which adds complexity to the case.

Sex estimation is key in forensic and archaeological anthropology. This study evaluates the sex-diagnostic capacity of ulna's cross-sectional geometric properties in 215 Greeks using support vector machine algorithms. It assesses age correlation and asymmetry effects. The model achieved 98.15% accuracy, outperforming traditional methods. The optimal model is available as an R function for forensic use.