Rural ecological industrialization is an important approach to promote the healthy interaction of ecological construction and industrial development, which could advance the sustainable development of regional rural systems in the new era. China’ Loess Hilly-Gully region is a typical geomorphic unit of the Loess Plateau locating in the middle reaches of the Yellow river, regional eco-environment was fragile and conflict of the rural human-land relationship was prominent. The Grain-for-Green Project significantly improved the ecological functions, but rural issues were still prominent, including weak agricultural foundation, the increase of water-soil constrains, and relatively low production efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to promote ecological industrialization for improving rural production and living functions. From the perspective of ecological resource value proliferation, this study analyzed the mechanism of rural ecological industrialization in the Loess Hilly-Gully region. Meanwhile, the typical patterns and its sustainable approaches were explored according to the existing practices after the Gully Land Consolidation Project in Yan’an City. The results indicate that: (1) Rural ecological industrialization should be based on regional rural system, and follow the law of evolution, the mechanism of system coupling, and the principle of value transformation. The key processes are as follows: cultivation of ecological resources by geographical engineering, asset management of ecological resources by establishing ecological property rights system, capitalization of ecological assets through asset circulation, stakeholder development and industrial integration, and the marketization of ecological products and services through improving the ecological market trading mechanism. (2) Some villages in Yan’an City realized ecological resources cultivation relying on the Gully Land Consolidation Project, explored the path of resources translating to assets, then turning to capitals and finally converting to funds. Three typical patterns of ecological industrialization have gradually formed: efficient planting-breeding, leisure agriculture, and integration of multiple factors. (3) In the future, weaknesses in the industrialization process could be overcome by geographical engineering effect maintenance, property rights system development, rural talents cultivation, social forces participation, and dynamic evaluation mechanism development. The above approaches would effectively advance the organic integration of rural production, living, and ecological functions, and achieve the aims of rural revitalization of thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, and prosperity.