In this paper, the fluorescence spectral analysis was studied. When the banknote was inspired by the ultraviolet rays, its fluorescence speciality was undertaken deepgoing research. The banknote recognition optical system, the photoelectronic detecting and the signal processing system was designed based on the fluorescence spectral analysis. It is proved that the fluorescence spectral analysis method has high sensitivity. It has small pattern and is strong selective, simple and convenient. It has been used to produce financial instrument.