Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Science of Ministry of Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 0 66004, China2College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 0 66004, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Micromorphology of different powders. (a) H13; (b) NiCr-Cr3C2
Fig. 2. Macroscopic morphology of cladding layer surface. (a) sample No. 1; (b) sample No. 2; (c) sample No. 3; (d) sample No. 4; (e) sample No. 5; (f) sample No. 6
Fig. 3. Metallographic structure of cladding layer.(a) Low power; (b) high power
Fig. 4. Scanned images of cross section of cladding layer
Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction pattern of cladding layer surface. (a) Mixed powder; (b) cladding layer
Fig. 6. Surface micromorphology of No. 1 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 7. Surface micromorphology of No. 2 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 8. Surface micromorphology of No. 3 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 9. Surface micromorphology of No. 4 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 10. Surface micromorphology of No. 5 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 11. Surface micromorphology of No. 6 sample after thermal fatigue test. (a) Thermal fatigue 5 times; (b) thermal fatigue 25 times; (c) thermal fatigue 35 times
Fig. 12. Microhardness of cladding sample. (a) Surface of sample cladding layer; (b) cross section of cladding layer
Fig. 13. Comparison of wear depth between matrix and cladding layer
Material | Density /(g·cm-3) | Melting point /℃ | Thermal expansion coefficient /(10-6 K-1) |
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Cr3C2 | 6.68 | 1890 | 10.3 | TiC | 4.93 | 3147 | 7.4 | WC | 15.70 | 2776 | 5.2--7.3 | H13 | 7.80 | 1427 | 12.4 |
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Table 1. Physical properties of common ceramic phases and H13
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | O | Fe | | |
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0.36 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 4.91 | 1.47 | 0.60 | 0.36 | 1.00 | | |
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Table 2. Chemical composition of H13 powder unit: %
NiCr | Cr3C2 | Impurity |
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25 | 75 | ≤0.1 |
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Table 3. Chemical composition of NiCr-Cr3C2 powder unit: %
Number | Powder ratio | Laser power /kW | Scanning speed /(mm·s-1) | Defocusingamount /mm | Overlap /mm |
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1 | 95%H13+5%NiCr-Cr3C2 | 1800 | 10 | 30 | 1.5 | 2 | 90%H13+10%NiCr-Cr3C2 | 3 | 85%H13+15%NiCr-Cr3C2 | 4 | 80%H13+20%NiCr-Cr3C2 | 5 | 75%H13+25%NiCr-Cr3C2 | 6 | 70%H13+30%NiCr-Cr3C2 |
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Table 4. Powder ratio scheme and cladding process parameters
Test number | Load /N | Temperature /℃ |
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1 | 620 | 490 | 2 | 620 | 360 | 3 | 340 | 490 | 4 | 340 | 360 | 5 | 640 | 425 | 6 | 320 | 425 | 7 | 480 | 500 | 8 | 480 | 350 | 9 | 480 | 425 | 10 | 480 | 425 | 11 | 480 | 425 |
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Table 5. High temperature friction and wear test scheme for matrix and cladding layer