Based on the analysis of long-term sounding data in the arid environment, different seasonal fitting formulas on refractive index, which varied with heights, were obtained. The formulas were used to calculate atmospheric refraction, atmospheric dispersion and ranging of space target under the certain condtion by the opto-electronic tracking equipments of different wavelengths. The results show that, for atmospheric refraction, the result of winter is greater than the result obtained by standard atmosphere, and is greater than the results of the remaining three seasons. For atmospheric dispersion, the difference between 0.55 μm and 1.3 μm, and the difference between 0.55 μm and 3.9 μm in spring are more than the results of the other seasons. The differences between different wavelengths are small on condition that the elevation is larger than 55°. For ranging correction, the varied characteristics of different wavelengths in different seasons have slight differences, and the characteristics of summer and autumn are similar. The ranging value of 3.9 μm is more sensitive than other wavelengths. As a reference, the above results can be provided for certain applications on opto-electronic engineering.