. XRD patterns of near-stoichiometric and Al-lean samples

. Weight gain per unit surface area as a function of oxidation time for (a) Zr cladding, Al-lean and near-stoichiometric samples oxidized at 1200 ℃, (b) Al-lean sample at 1000-1200 ℃ and (c) near-stoichiometric sample at 1000-1200 ℃, and (d) square of weight gain per unit surface area of near-stoichiometric sample as a function of oxidation time

. Arrhenius plot of the high temperature oxidation rate constants for various candidate materials in air and water vapor^{[18, 24-26]}

. XRD patterns of (a) near-stoichiometric and (b) Al-lean samples after oxidation at 1000-1200 ℃

. Typical surface and cross section morphologies of (a, b) Al-lean and (c, d) near-stoichiometric samples after oxidation at 1200 ℃