To address the difficulty in detecting the source of roof leakage, an image enhancement method that uses the infrared image features of the leakage area was studied using gray segmentation mapping. Rapid image recognition technology based on a template matrix was proposed, and an automatic roof leakage source detection system was designed. Leakage sources were set on a 5 mx 3 m roof to form multiple leakage areas. A mecanum wheeled trolley was used to support the system while detecting these sources. The results showed that the system could complete detection within 89 s, with a total of 150 leakage points tested and 12 leakage points missed, and the identification accuracy was greater than 90%. This technology has high detection efficiency and simple operation and can be used to detect all types of unknown water seepage sources with the corresponding carrier.