Notch filters are widely used, but the difficulty lies in the large amount of calculation and complex film structure and material types when using the traditional transmission matrix method for spectrum design. In this paper, the special dispersion relation of the multiple Bragg scattering of the periodic potential field Bloch wave in the crystal in the solid state physics theory is combined with the Maxwell equations in the optical film theory to calculate the periodic function of the one-dimensional photonic crystal (ie film) and obtain the band structure; the change of the forbidden band width and position in the energy band structure corresponding to the change of the medium refractive index (medium refractive index ratio), center wavelength and incident angle is analyzed; the specific functional relationship is deduced. Bring the spectral requirements of the notch filter into the functional relation for calculation, and bring the result into the Essential Macleod thin film design software for film system design. Compared with the traditional transfer matrix method, the results show that the design method based on the one-dimensional photonic crystal band structure is much less computationally intensive, the periodic structure is simple, and only two materials are needed. The spectral curve can meet the design requirements.