• Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics
  • Vol. 33, Issue 5, 507 (2020)
Li-hui Mou1、2、3, Gui-duo Jiang1、2、3, Zi-yu Li1、3、*, and Sheng-gui He1、2、3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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    DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2008141 Cite this Article
    Li-hui Mou, Gui-duo Jiang, Zi-yu Li, Sheng-gui He. Activation of Dinitrogen by Gas-Phase Species[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2020, 33(5): 507 Copy Citation Text show less
    The IRPD spectra of [Co$_n$(N2)1]$^+$ for $n$=8-17. The dotted red line serves to guide the eye. Its slight tilt with cluster size indicates a conceivable cooperative polarization effect. Note the variation in the observed peak positions and splittings. Multiple major peaks likely indicate cluster core isomers, spin isomers or N2 bonding isomers while weak sidebands to the blue may arise from combination bands (N2 stretching and wagging modes). Note the "jump" of the major peak from $n$=9 to $n$=10. Reprinted with permission from Ref.[27] © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
    Fig. 1. The IRPD spectra of [Co$_n$(N2)1]$^+$ for $n$=8-17. The dotted red line serves to guide the eye. Its slight tilt with cluster size indicates a conceivable cooperative polarization effect. Note the variation in the observed peak positions and splittings. Multiple major peaks likely indicate cluster core isomers, spin isomers or N2 bonding isomers while weak sidebands to the blue may arise from combination bands (N2 stretching and wagging modes). Note the "jump" of the major peak from $n$=9 to $n$=10. Reprinted with permission from Ref.[27] © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
    Several modes of N2 coordination to transition metal centers. Adapted from Ref.[34] © 2019 Wiley-VCH.
    Fig. 1. Several modes of N2 coordination to transition metal centers. Adapted from Ref.[34] © 2019 Wiley-VCH.
    Typical intermediates for N$\equiv$N bond dissociation. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 2. Typical intermediates for N$\equiv$N bond dissociation. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    (a) A comparison on frontier orbitals of TaC-, TaC2-, TaC3-, and TaC4-. The atomic orbital compositions of Ta are given. The highlighted orbital has matched symmetry with the $\pi^*$ orbital of N2. (b) A favorable orbital overlap between TaC4- and N2. Adapted from Ref.[28] © 2018 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 2. (a) A comparison on frontier orbitals of TaC-, TaC2-, TaC3-, and TaC4-. The atomic orbital compositions of Ta are given. The highlighted orbital has matched symmetry with the $\pi^*$ orbital of N2. (b) A favorable orbital overlap between TaC4- and N2. Adapted from Ref.[28] © 2018 American Chemical Society.
    The experimental photoelectron spectra and DFT calculated lowest-lying structures of (a) V5N5- and (b) V5N$_7$-. (c) The molecular orbital interaction between V5N5- and the side-on-end-on coordinated N2 unit. The experimental VDE values in eV are given. Adapted from Ref.[34] © 2019 Wiley-VCH.
    Fig. 3. The experimental photoelectron spectra and DFT calculated lowest-lying structures of (a) V5N5- and (b) V5N$_7$-. (c) The molecular orbital interaction between V5N5- and the side-on-end-on coordinated N2 unit. The experimental VDE values in eV are given. Adapted from Ref.[34] © 2019 Wiley-VCH.
    The experimental photoelectron spectra of (a1, a2) Ta3N3H$_{0, 1}$- and (b1, b2) Ta3N5H$_{0, 1}$- and the quantum chemistry calculated structures, relative energies, and VDEs (in square brackets) of (c1) Ta3N3- and (c2) Ta3N3H-. Adapted from Ref.[33] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 4. The experimental photoelectron spectra of (a1, a2) Ta3N3H$_{0, 1}$- and (b1, b2) Ta3N5H$_{0, 1}$- and the quantum chemistry calculated structures, relative energies, and VDEs (in square brackets) of (c1) Ta3N3- and (c2) Ta3N3H-. Adapted from Ref.[33] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    The DFT calculated potential energy profiles for the reactions of (a) Ta3N3H- and (b) Ta3N3- with N2. The zero-point vibration-corrected energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) and some bond lengths in pm are given. Adapted from Ref.[33] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 5. The DFT calculated potential energy profiles for the reactions of (a) Ta3N3H- and (b) Ta3N3- with N2. The zero-point vibration-corrected energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) and some bond lengths in pm are given. Adapted from Ref.[33] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    The mass spectra for the reaction of mass-selected Ta2C4- with (a) He and (b) 0.1 Pa $^{14}$N2 for about 7 ms and for the CID of mass-selected (c-f) Ta2C4$^{14}$N2- and (g) Ta2C4$^{15}$N2$^{-}$ with 0.05 Pa Xe. The center-of-mass collisional energy ($E_\textrm{c}$) is given. The peaks marked with asterisks are due to water impurities. Reprinted with permission from Ref.[29] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 6. The mass spectra for the reaction of mass-selected Ta2C4- with (a) He and (b) 0.1 Pa $^{14}$N2 for about 7 ms and for the CID of mass-selected (c-f) Ta2C4$^{14}$N2- and (g) Ta2C4$^{15}$N2$^{-}$ with 0.05 Pa Xe. The center-of-mass collisional energy ($E_\textrm{c}$) is given. The peaks marked with asterisks are due to water impurities. Reprinted with permission from Ref.[29] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    The quantum chemistry calculated potential energy profile for Ta2C4-+N2$\rightarrow$Ta2C3N+CN-. The relative energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) with respect to the separate reactants (Ta2C4-+N2) are given. Adapted from Ref.[29] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 7. The quantum chemistry calculated potential energy profile for Ta2C4-+N2$\rightarrow$Ta2C3N+CN-. The relative energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) with respect to the separate reactants (Ta2C4-+N2) are given. Adapted from Ref.[29] © 2019 American Chemical Society.
    Mass spectra for the reaction of Ta2N$^+$ with (a) Ar at 5.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ mPa and (b) $^{15}$N2 at 5.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ mPa after a reaction time of 8 s at ambient temperature. Adapted from Ref.[31] © 2019 National Academy of Sciences.
    Fig. 8. Mass spectra for the reaction of Ta2N$^+$ with (a) Ar at 5.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ mPa and (b) $^{15}$N2 at 5.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ mPa after a reaction time of 8 s at ambient temperature. Adapted from Ref.[31] © 2019 National Academy of Sciences.
    The quantum chemistry calculated potential energy profile for the catalytic reaction of Ta2N$^+$ with N2. The relative energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) with respect to the separate reactants (Ta2N$^+$+ N2) are given. Adapted from Ref.[31] © 2019 National Academy of Sciences.
    Fig. 9. The quantum chemistry calculated potential energy profile for the catalytic reaction of Ta2N$^+$ with N2. The relative energies ($\Delta H_0$ in eV) with respect to the separate reactants (Ta2N$^+$+ N2) are given. Adapted from Ref.[31] © 2019 National Academy of Sciences.
    Potential-energy profile for V3C4- (R3)+N2$\rightarrow$V3C4N2-(P3/P4) in the restricted closed-shell singlet state. Energies in eV and selected bond lengths in pm are given. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 10. Potential-energy profile for V3C4- (R3)+N2$\rightarrow$V3C4N2-(P3/P4) in the restricted closed-shell singlet state. Energies in eV and selected bond lengths in pm are given. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    Molecular orbital interactions between the occupied orbitals ($\psi_y$ and $\psi_{xz}$) of (a) V3C4- and (b) V3- with the unoccupied orbitals ($\pi_x^*$ and $\pi_y^*$) of the N2 unit. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    Fig. 11. Molecular orbital interactions between the occupied orbitals ($\psi_y$ and $\psi_{xz}$) of (a) V3C4- and (b) V3- with the unoccupied orbitals ($\pi_x^*$ and $\pi_y^*$) of the N2 unit. Adapted from Ref.[35] © 2020 American Chemical Society.
    Table 1. Experimentally and theoretically studied reactions between gas-phase species and N2.
    Li-hui Mou, Gui-duo Jiang, Zi-yu Li, Sheng-gui He. Activation of Dinitrogen by Gas-Phase Species[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2020, 33(5): 507
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