Three kinds of new plasma emission patterns were obtained in the mixture of argon and air by using the dielectric barrier discharge device with H shaped gas gap. Compared with the traditional plasma emission patterns, the three kinds of plasma emission patterns are generated in the single and double gas layer gaps. By observing the images of the plasma emission patterns taken by a camera, the micro discharge channels of the single gas layer gap and the double gas layer gap are different in luminous brightness, color and discharge area, which indicates that the plasma parameters of the micro discharge channel may be different. Based on the analysis of three kinds of plasma emission patterns, the plasma parameters of the micro discharge channel in the single and double gas layer gaps were investigated by using the emission spectrum method for the first time. The emission spectra of the N2 second positive band (C3Πu→B3Πg) was collected to calculate the molecule vibration temperature. Furthermore, the broadening of spectral line 696.57 nm (2P2→1S5) was used to estimate the electron densities. The results show that the molecular vibration temperatures of couple filaments in the double gas layer gap with the same thickness are almost the same, and the electron densities are also consistent. The molecular vibration temperature of filaments in the single gas layer gap is higher than that of filaments in the double gas layer gap. The electron densities of filaments in the single gas layer gap are lower than that of filaments in the double gas layer gap. The differences of the plasma parameters of different micro discharge plasma channels in the single gas layer gap and the double gas layer gap can lead to the forming of plasma photonic crystals with various refractive indices, and its periodic arrangement gives it more abundant band gap structures.