The present paper studied the in-orbit relative calibration monitoring system with high stability for onboard remote sensing calibration. The realizing principle and the critical technologies are described in detail. The calibration detector assembly with high stability was developed based on both visual (Vis) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) trap structure. Vis and SWIR photodetectors with high sensitivity were chosen to realize the photoelectric conversion. On the one hand, the detectors worked in the zero-bias photovoltaic mode with better linearity and lower dark current. On the other hand, the critical parameters of the analog operational amplifier circuit and data acquisition circuit were designed so that the trap-structure detector assembly could work properly. Thus the relative calibration monitoring system with high stability for measurement of spaceborne calibration radiance source was realized. The experiments were carried out using the laboratory integrating spheres and the standard lamps provided by the national measurement institution. The results showed that the relative standard deviation of the digital numbers that the system acquired reached to 0.030%~0.046% (Vis) and 0.040%~0.059% (SWIR). It was proved that the accuracy and the stability of the monitoring system could meet the in-orbit calibration system requirement and it could serve as a good solution for in-orbit relative calibration of remote sensor in the future.