Using the literature from the Web of Science (WOS) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases and the CiteSpace software as an analytical tool, this study analyzed the national distribution and hotspots of the publications from international natural resources accounting and assessment research, and core author distribution and research institution distribution of the research in China, with a special focus on the hotspot changes of natural resources accounting and assessment research in China. The following results were derived: (1) In this field, America is the country with the highest number of research articles, followed by China. China and Australia have high influence in international cooperation. (2) International research mainly covered the estimation methods, development and utilization, management and protection of various resource elements. (3) Domestic research involved many fields. A stable core author network has not been formed. The cooperation relationship of each institution was greatly restricted by the region. (4) According to the requirements of specific policies, Chinese research hotspots can be divided into three stages including establishment, development, and improvement. (5) In addition to the non renewable resources and clean energy that are generally concerned at home and abroad, China has done a lot of researches on fishery resources, and studied the unique resources of traditional Chinese medicine; “ecosystem services” has become an important aspect of international research, while it is only in recent years that the ecological value has been included in the discussion in China. The results are helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the overall developing stages and the frontiers of the natural resources accounting and assessment research in China, providing a reference for the theoretical and methodological developments of future research.