In order to understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of road dust in Weinan City, China, and obtain the localization parameter of road dust and the basis for road dust control, the vehicle-mounted rapid monitoring system was used to measure the road dust load in Weinan based on light scattering method. The characteristics of dust load on different types of roads were analyzed, and the factors affecting the road dust load were explored based on the factors such as traffic flow, vehicle weight and road dust suppression methods. The results show that the average road dust load in Weinan is 1.13 g·m-2, and the dust load of different types of roads is characterized by branch road (1.79 g·m-2) > secondary trunk road (1.22 g·m-2) > provincial road (1.08 g·m-2) > main trunk road (0.94 g·m-2) > national road (0.71 g·m-2). It is also shown that traffic flow and vehicle speed are negatively correlated with the dust load value, that is, the greater the vehicle flow and speed, the smaller the dust load value. In addition, sprinkling water can effectively reduce the value of road dust load, but the retention time isshort. Therefore, it is suggested that the operation mode of heavy watering and weak cleaning should be changed, with the focus on dust cleaning and removal.