As a blooming planar optics device, metasurfaces provide a brand-new route for performing wavefront modulation functions, which show great revolution in 3D bulk metamaterial counterparts [1–7]. Metasurfaces have successfully been applied in miniaturized optics, including wavefront shaping, asymmetric transmission, holographic displays, optical encryption, nonlinear optics, optical cloaking, and storage [8–15]. Notably, metasurface holography assisted by smart algorithms can overcome the limitations faced by traditional holography [16] as it possesses the advantages of large field of view, elimination of unnecessary diffraction orders, and enhancement of information capacity [17–19]. By engineering the amplitude, phase, and polarization for designing metasurfaces, such optimal holographic techniques have achieved various multiplexing schemes [20–25].