The trace elements distribution in the root and leaf of greenhouse rape was determined with synchrotron radiation XRF, and many essential elements for human health were found, including Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, K and Ca, among which the contents of Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn are especially higher than the other elements. The results proved that the contents of different elements in different parts of leaves and roots were inequable. Generally, the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the roots are significantly higher than those in leaves, while the contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in the leaves are apparently higher than those in roots. And the contents of all the elements in lateral roots are much lower. The contents of K, Ca and Co in the central section of leaf were higher than those in the edge, and the contents are gradually increasing from the edge to center; the contents of Cu, Mn, Fe and Ni in the tip of leaf were higher than those in base, and it increases gradually from the base to the tip of leaf; the content of Zn in the leaf is absolutely uniform; all the elements in the middle of root were higher than those in two ends, and the contents in the base of root are commonly higher than those in the tip of root.