• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 17, Issue 10, 100013 (2019)
Mohammed Sait, Xiaobin Sun, Omar Alkhazragi, Nasir Alfaraj, Meiwei Kong, Tien Khee Ng, and Boon S. Ooi*
Author Affiliations
  • Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL201917.100013 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Mohammed Sait, Xiaobin Sun, Omar Alkhazragi, Nasir Alfaraj, Meiwei Kong, Tien Khee Ng, Boon S. Ooi. The effect of turbulence on NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channels [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2019, 17(10): 100013 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Conventional line-of-sight underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links suffer from huge signal fading in the presence of oceanic turbulence due to misalignment, which is caused by variations in the refractive index in the water. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, a novel underwater communication configuration, which has eased the requirements on the alignment, is supposed to enhance the robustness of the UWOC links in the presence of such turbulence. This Letter experimentally and statistically studies the impact of turbulence that arises from temperature gradient variations and the presence of different air bubble populations on NLOS optical channels. The results suggest that temperature gradient-induced turbulence causes negligible signal fading to the NLOS link. Furthermore, the presence of air bubbles with different populations and sizes can enhance the received signal power by seizing the scattering phenomena from an ultraviolet 377 nm laser diode.
    γt(λ)=γa(λ)+γb(λ).(1)

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    Id=n=0In=14π(ψd+3Fd·s^)+,(2)

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    (2κ2)ψd=Q,(3)

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    Q=3γs(γt+gγa)F0eτ,(4)

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    γtr=γs(1g)+γa,(5)

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    PL=10×log10(PtPr),(6)

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    σI2=E[I2]E2[I]E2[I],(7)

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    R2=1SSregSStot,0<R2<1,(8)

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    f(x|μx,σx2)=12πσx2exp[(xμx)22σx2].(9)

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    fh˜(h˜)=12h˜2πσx2exp[(lnh˜2μx)28σx2],(10)

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    f(x|λ)=λexp(λx).(11)

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    ic=arcsin(ninw),(12)

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    θc=180°2ic(13)

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    Pr=Ptλ2(4π)3VcGtGrR12R22σbieτ1τ2dV,(14)

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    σbi=2π2k4Φε(ks),(15)

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    ks=2πl.(16)

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    Mohammed Sait, Xiaobin Sun, Omar Alkhazragi, Nasir Alfaraj, Meiwei Kong, Tien Khee Ng, Boon S. Ooi. The effect of turbulence on NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channels [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2019, 17(10): 100013
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