Based on the leaf spectra data measured with LOPEX’93, the authors analyzed the relationship between leaf spectra and leaf biochemical components including leaf chlorophyll and leaf water content. It was showed that leaf chlorophyll was highly correlated with the second derivation of leaf reflectance at wavelengths 700, 670, 600, 500, 490, 440, and 410 nm; similarly, it was also showed that leaf water content was highly correlated with the continuum removed leaf reflectance at wavelengths 2 350, 2 180, 2 130, 2 120, 1 870, and 1 820 nm, which correspond to the absorption features of water in shortwave infrared bands. In addition, the authors found that ND(Normalized Difference) has a higher response to chlorophyll than other spectral indexes and the correlation coefficient is 0.618; Ratio975 has a very high response to water content and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.996. Based on the above evidences, the authors built a model to retrieve leaf chlorophyll and leaf water content through ground measured leaf spectra data and the simulated leaf chlorophyll and leaf water content are very accurate as compared to the ground measurements.