Child trafficking crime causes physical and psychological trauma to the victims and great grief and long-term trouble to the families of the victims. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of the society and the academic community. Research from the perspective of criminal geography in this field started relatively late and mainly focused on the macro analysis, so it is urgent to focus on high-incidence areas and key groups for detailed analysis. Based on the data of Sichuan Province—the most severely affected area for trafficking crime in China—this study analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of child trafficking crime by means of text analysis, mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, and case analysis. The study found that: 1) The trafficked children were mainly from rural areas, and the trafficked males were significantly more than females. The trafficked children tended to be young, showing a double-peaks pattern. 2) Temporally, the annual change of crime showed a roughly inverted V-shaped pattern, which frequently occurred during 1981-2000. The trafficking crime was concentrated in the summer half year. 3) Spatially, the number of trafficked children was unevenly distributed. There was a high-incidence area (Chengdu) and a few smaller high-incidence areas. At the county scale, the crime pattern presented the characteristics of "high-high" and "low-low" distribution and trafficking-out hotspots continue to spread south and east. The trafficking routes presented a decentralized trafficking-in to the east feature, which showed that South China and North China were the main trafficking-in areas. 4) Through the analysis of the causes of the high incidence of crimes from 1981 to 2000, it was found that education level and the income gap between urban and rural areas were the main factors that affect the crime of child trafficking.