• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 10, Issue 10, 2374 (2022)
Zhuang Ma1, Xiaoyan Zhou1、2、3、*, and Lin Zhang1、2、4、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Opto-electronics Technologies and Devices, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • 2Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518038, China
  • 3e-mail:
  • 4e-mail:
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.465966 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zhuang Ma, Xiaoyan Zhou, Lin Zhang. Phase regimes of parity-time-symmetric coupled-ring systems at exceptional points[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(10): 2374 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    The optical coupled resonant system consisting of an integrated resonator with gain and a resonator with loss provides an excellent platform to create exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems. Most previous studies have focused on the striking intensity feature of EPs, but its phase response is seldom investigated. In this work, we present a thorough study on the phase response of an EP system. Intriguingly, the phase response exhibits distinct behavior depending on the ordering of the ring resonators: when the input light in a bus waveguide is coupled directly or indirectly to the ring with a gain, the phase response is featured by nonmonotonic transition and 2π monotonic transition, respectively. We also prove that the newly identified phase features are theoretically guaranteed. These phase responses produce unique group delays that have never been found in other coupled resonant systems. The results deepen our understanding on EPs in non-Hermitian systems and are potentially useful for practical applications exploiting phase features.
    {da1dt=iω1a1g1a1+iμ2a2+iμ1E1da2dt=iω2a2g2a2+iμ2a1,

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    ωω0=i(g1+g2)2±μ22(g1g22)2.

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    E2=E1+iμ1a1.

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    TI=E2E1=(ωω0)2iκrbνg2πR(ωω0)+κrbκrrνg2(2πR)2(ωω0)2.

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    ϕI=arctan[2πR·κrbνg(ωω0)(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2].

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    TII=(ωω0)2iκrbνg2πR(ωω0)κrbκrrνg2(2πR)2(ωω0)2,

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    ϕII=arctan[2πR·κrbνg(ωω0)(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2].

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    ψI=2πR·κrbνg(ωω0)(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2.

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    dψIdω=2πRκrbνg[(2πR)2(ωω0)2κrbκrrνg2][(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2]2.

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    ψII=2πR·κrbνg(ωω0)(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2.

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    dψIIdω=2πRκrbνg[(2πR)2(ωω0)2+κrbκrrνg2][(2πR)2(ωω0)2κrbκrrνg2]2.

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    Zhuang Ma, Xiaoyan Zhou, Lin Zhang. Phase regimes of parity-time-symmetric coupled-ring systems at exceptional points[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(10): 2374
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