Mineral particle size is an important factor affecting mineral spectrum characteristics, so to explore the changes of the mineral spectrum curves under different particle sizes and the spectrum difference of different minerals under the same particle size are the keys of hyperspectral remote sensing information mineral identification and the theoretical basis of research on spectral differences of different particle sizes. Six kinds of collected minerals were observed by spectrometer to get the reflectivity spectrum curve and first order differential spectral curve under different particle sizes, and the spectral characteristics of various kinds of minerals under different particle sizes were analyzed. At the same time, spectrum difference of different mineral under the same particle size was compared to explore possible wavelengths of hyperspectral remote sensing mineral identify. Results show that the spectrum curves of various minerals have a larger difference with the change of the particle size, but change law is not the same. The whole spectrum curve of hypersthene will be decreased with the increase of particle size, and the spectrum curve at a specific wavelength range of antigorite, hematite, kaolinite and chlorite will be decreased with the increase of particle size, and there is no direct correlation between the spectrum of olivine and the particle size. Under the same size, different mineral spectral reflectance change a lot in most band range and it provides the possibility for high precision identification of mineral. Antigorite, kaolinite and chlorite all have more absorption peaks of narrow width and smaller intensity than the other minerals. Spectrum curves of hematite, olivine and hypersthene are relatively smooth, and the number of the absorption and reflection peaks is relatively small. This study aims at providing basic data and theoretical support for mineral spectral library construction and mineral hyperspectral identification technology.