A stable mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by intraperitoneal injection of xanthine and oxonate,comparing the water extracts (containing crude drug 360 mg·mL-1) of Ermiao pill categorized formula (The ratio of atractylodes lancea to cortex phellodendri was 1:1,1:2 and 2:1,respectively) and Ermiao pill (360 mg·mL-1) administered to different groups of animals continuously for two weeks and assessing the protection or treatment of drug on hyperuricemia.The xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities in serum and liver were detected by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at 570 nm wavelength,The results showed that as compared with each group,the XOD activity of the model group was significantly increased in serum (p<0.01),XOD activity showed no significant difference in liver (p>0.05),but compared with the model group,the XOD activity of each treatment group was significantly lower in serum and liver (p<0.01),especially for the group treated with Ermiao pill categorized formula with the ratio of Atractylodes lancea to Cortex Phellodendri being 1:2.The morphological changes of glomerular and tubular interstitial fibrosis were measured by Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and Masson trichrome staining (Masson staining)for kidney paraffin sections.The results showed that the glomerular atrophy,vascular loops confusion,a certain degree of inflammatory cell infiltration,interstitial fibrosis and other phenomena appeared in the model group.Compared to model group,these pathological phenomena of the treatment groups were significantly improved.The area showed that compared with each group,the fibrosis of the model group was significantly increased (p<0.01 or p<0.05),but compared with Ermiao pill categorized formula,the differences for the group of Ermiao pill was lower (p<0.01),especially for the group treated with Ermiao pill categorized formula with the ratio of Atractylodes lancea to Cortex Phellodendri being 1:2.In this experiment,the damage of kidney and XOD activity serve as the index to evaluate the protection or treatment of drug on hyperuricemia,providing a scientific basis for the development of Ermiao pill categorized formula.