In order to realize the error analysis of the bionic compound eye imaging system, a method of error analysis was introduced. The mathematical model was established. By finding the conversion matrix of the coordinate system, the transformation between the geodetic coordinate and the coordinate system with the subeye as the original point was realized. The equation of quantity relation between the rotation angle and the parameters of the bionic compound eye, that is, the measurement equation of the system, was derived. By using the method of function error, the measurement equation was transformed into an error function equation, and the error analysis was carried out. The experiment was set up, and the experimental data were collected. The feasibility of the analysis method was verified by comparing the calculated values with the actual measurement data. Theory calculated rotation angle systematic error is 3′14″. Actual measured rotation angle error is 3′15″. The calculated value of the theory is in agreement with the actual measured value, which proves that the error analysis method is feasible.