Contents
2022
Volume: 12 Issue 3
10 Article(s)
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Ultrasensitive Protein Concentration Characterization Based on Weak Measurements
Bowen SONG, Binglin CHEN, Chen YU, and Hua YANG
An optical rotation bio-sensor based on the photonic spin Hall effect was established and applied to detecting the concentration varieties of chiral molecules. The optical rotation, introduced by sample solutions, was exploited to modulate the postselected polarization of a weak measurement system. Much work has been dAn optical rotation bio-sensor based on the photonic spin Hall effect was established and applied to detecting the concentration varieties of chiral molecules. The optical rotation, introduced by sample solutions, was exploited to modulate the postselected polarization of a weak measurement system. Much work has been done in the case of glucose and fructose. However, little attention has been paid for biomolecules, such as proteins and amino acids. With this modulation, the optical rotation can be determined through the direction and spin accumulation of light spots, thus mirroring the concentration of solutions. A resolution of 2×10–4 degree was achieved..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220301 (2022)
Strain Sensor Based on Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Using the 3D Printing Technology for Improved Sensitivity
Harith AHMAD, Mohamad Ashraff ALIAS, Mohammad Faizal ISMAIL, Nor Najwa ISMAIL, Muhammad Khairol Annuar ZAINI, Kok Sing LIM, Gilberto BRAMBILLA, Kenneth T. V. GRATTAN, and B. M. Azizur RAHMAN
A new and easy-to-fabricate strain sensor has been developed, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology embedded into a thermoplastic polyurethane filament using a 3-dimensional (3D) printer. Taking advantage of the flexibility and elastic properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane material, the embedding of the A new and easy-to-fabricate strain sensor has been developed, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology embedded into a thermoplastic polyurethane filament using a 3-dimensional (3D) printer. Taking advantage of the flexibility and elastic properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane material, the embedding of the FBG provides durable protection with enhanced flexibility and sensitivity, as compared to the use of a bare FBG. Results of an evaluation of its performance have shown that the FBG sensors embedded in this way can be applied effectively in the measurement of strain, with an average wavelength responsivity of 0.013 5 nm/cm of displacement for tensile strain and –0.014 2 nm/cm for compressive strain, both showing a linearity value of up to 99%. Furthermore, such an embedded FBG-based strain sensor has a sensitivity of ~1.74 times greater than that of a bare FBG used for strain measurement and is well protected and suitable for in-the-field use. It is also observed that the thermoplastic polyurethane based (TPU-based) FBG strain sensor carries a sensitivity value of ~2.05 times higher than that of the polylactic acid based (PLA-based) FBG strain sensor proving that TPU material can be made as the material of choice as a “sensing” pad for the FBG..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220302 (2022)
An Integrated-Plasmonic Chip of Bragg Reflection and Mach-Zehnder Interference Based on Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide
Liang ZENG, Jiaqi LI, Chengyi CAO, Xudong LI, Xinyuan ZENG, Quanhao YU, Kunhua WEN, Jun YANG, and Yuwen QIN
In this paper, a Bragg reflector is proposed by placing periodic metallic gratings in the center of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide. According to the effective refractive index modulation caused by different waveguide widths in a period, a reflection channel with a large bandwidth is firstly achieved. Besides, In this paper, a Bragg reflector is proposed by placing periodic metallic gratings in the center of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide. According to the effective refractive index modulation caused by different waveguide widths in a period, a reflection channel with a large bandwidth is firstly achieved. Besides, the Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) effect arises by shifting the gratings away from the waveguide center. Owing to different optical paths with unequal indices on both sides of the grating, a narrow MZI band gap will be obtained. It is interesting to find out that the Bragg reflector and Mach-Zehnder interferometer are immune to each other, and their wavelengths can be manipulated by the period and the grating length, respectively. Additionally, we can obtain three MZI channels and one Bragg reflection channel by integrating three different gratings into a large period. The performances are investigated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. In the index range of 1.33 – 1.36, the maximum sensitivity for the structure is as high as 1 500 nm/RIU, and it is believed that this proposed structure can find widely applications in the chip-scale optical communication and sensing areas..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220303 (2022)
Low-Drift Closed-Loop Fiber Optic Gyroscope of High Scale Factor Stability Driven by Laser With External Phase Modulation
Jingtao YAN, Lijun MIAO, Heliang SHEN, Xiaowu SHU, Tengchao HUANG, and Shuangliang CHE
In view of the poor scale factor stability of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG), it is a creative method to use laser to drive the IFOG for its better frequency stabilization characteristics instead of the broadband light source. As the linewidth of laser is narrow, the errors of coherent backscattering,In view of the poor scale factor stability of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG), it is a creative method to use laser to drive the IFOG for its better frequency stabilization characteristics instead of the broadband light source. As the linewidth of laser is narrow, the errors of coherent backscattering, polarization coupling, and Kerr effect are reintroduced which cause more noise and drift. This paper studies laser spectrum broadening based on external phase modulation of Gaussian white noise (GWN). The theoretical analysis and test results indicate that this method has a good effect on spectrum broadening and can be used to improve the performance of the laser-driven IFOG. In the established closed-loop IFOG, a four-state modulation (FSM) is adopted to avoid temperature instability of the multifunction integrated-optic chip (MIOC) and drift caused by the electronic circuit in demodulation. The experimental results show that the IFOG driven by broadened laser has the angular random walk noise of 0.003 8 °/√h and the drift of 0.017 °/h, which are 62% and 66% better than those without modulation respectively, of which the drift has reached the level of the broadband light source. Although the noise still needs further reduction, its scale factor stability is 0.38 ppm, which has an overwhelming advantage compared with the traditional IFOG..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220304 (2022)
Bovine Serum Albumin Detection by Graphene Oxide Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating
Ruiduo WANG, Hao WU, Mei QI, Jing HAN, and Zhaoyu REN
A biosensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) detection by graphene oxide (GO) functionalized micro-taped long-period fiber grating (GMLPG) was demonstrated. The amide bond connected between the GO and BSA enabled the BSA to attach onto the fiber surface, which changed the effective refractive index of the cladding mode aA biosensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) detection by graphene oxide (GO) functionalized micro-taped long-period fiber grating (GMLPG) was demonstrated. The amide bond connected between the GO and BSA enabled the BSA to attach onto the fiber surface, which changed the effective refractive index of the cladding mode and characterized the concentration of the BSA. This real-time monitoring system demonstrated a sensing sensitivity of 1.263 nm/(mg/mL) and a detection limit of 0.043 mg/mL. Moreover, it illustrated superior measurement performance of higher sensitivity in the presence of glucose and urea as the interference, which showed static sensitivities of ~1.476 nm/(mg/mL) and 1.504 nm/(mg/mL), respectively. The proposed GMLPG demonstrated a great potential for being employed as a sensor for biomedical and biochemical applications..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220305 (2022)
Arsenic Detection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor With Hydrous Ferric Oxide Layer
Yasmin MUSTAPHA KAMIL, Sura Hmoud AL-REKABI, Muhammad Hafiz ABU BAKAR, Yap Wing FEN, Husam Abduldaem MOHAMMED, Nor Hafizah MOHAMED HALIP, Mohammed Thamer ALRESHEEDI, and Mohd Adzir MAHDI
The lethality of inorganic arsenic (As) and the threat it poses have made the development of efficient As detection systems a vital necessity. This research work demonstrates a sensing layer made of hydrous ferric oxide (Fe2H2O4) to detect As(III) and As(V) ions in a surface plasmon resonance system. The sensor conceptThe lethality of inorganic arsenic (As) and the threat it poses have made the development of efficient As detection systems a vital necessity. This research work demonstrates a sensing layer made of hydrous ferric oxide (Fe2H2O4) to detect As(III) and As(V) ions in a surface plasmon resonance system. The sensor conceptualizes on the strength of Fe2H2O4 to absorb As ions and the interaction of plasmon resonance towards the changes occurring on the sensing layer. Detection sensitivity values for As(III) and As(V) were 1.083 ℃ ppb–1 and 0.922 ℃ ppb–1, respectively, while the limit of detection for both ions was 0.6 ppb. These findings support the feasibility and potential of the sensor configuration towards paving future advancement in As detection systems..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220306 (2022)
Temperature Sensitivity of Polymer Fiber Microlasers
Chun WANG, Xiaojuan ZHANG, Jiajun MA, Kang XIE, Junxi ZHANG, and Zhijia HU
There are many kinds of materials or methods used to make optical microcavities, and they have many different geometric structures. And electrospinning technique has become a very convenient and easy one to prepare polymer fiber. Based on this situation, PM597-doped polymer solution was prepared into high-performance fThere are many kinds of materials or methods used to make optical microcavities, and they have many different geometric structures. And electrospinning technique has become a very convenient and easy one to prepare polymer fiber. Based on this situation, PM597-doped polymer solution was prepared into high-performance fibers with different diameters by electrospinning technology in our work. In order to better study the temperature sensing of polymer fiber whispering gallery mode, we have placed it on two different substrates with gold and aluminum. A 532 nm pulsed laser beam was used to excite a single fiber in the radial direction, then the whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser was observed and the distribution of WGM was determined by theoretical calculations. The threshold of samples on aluminum substrate is 0.4 μJ. In addition, it is found that the samples on aluminum substrate performed better in temperature sensing, and the value is 0.13 nm/℃. As a result, WGM polymer fiber microcavities on aluminum substrate made by electrospinning technology have very broad development prospects in biosensing, optical pump lasers and other applications..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220307 (2022)
Alternative Interpretation of Speckle Autocorrelation Imaging Through Scattering Media
Honglin LIU, Puxiang LAI, Jingjing GAO, Zhentao LIU, Jianhong SHI, and Shensheng HAN
High-resolution optical imaging through or within thick scattering media is a long sought after yet unreached goal. In the past decade, the thriving technique developments in wavefront measurement and manipulation do not significantly push the boundary forward. The optical diffusion limit is still a ceiling. In this woHigh-resolution optical imaging through or within thick scattering media is a long sought after yet unreached goal. In the past decade, the thriving technique developments in wavefront measurement and manipulation do not significantly push the boundary forward. The optical diffusion limit is still a ceiling. In this work, we propose that a scattering medium can be conceptualized as an assembly of randomly packed pinhole cameras and the corresponding speckle pattern as a superposition of randomly shifted pinhole images. The concept is demonstrated through both simulation and experiments, confirming the new perspective to interpret the mechanism of information transmission through scattering media under incoherent illumination. We also analyze the efficiency of single-pinhole and dual-pinhole channels. While in infancy, the proposed method reveals a new perspective to understand imaging and information transmission through scattering media..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220308 (2022)
Refractive Index Sensing Simulations of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots/Gold Bilayer Coated Triangular-Lattice Photonic Crystal Fibers
Ye TAO, Han YE, Yong DING, Xiaomin REN, and Xiaolong LIU
With the incorporation of noble metal materials, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) could be performed as an effective platform for refractive index sensing of the filling analytes. Furthermore, by coating functional dielectric layers upon the metal surfaces, the resonance energy transfer is modulated from the core mode ofWith the incorporation of noble metal materials, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) could be performed as an effective platform for refractive index sensing of the filling analytes. Furthermore, by coating functional dielectric layers upon the metal surfaces, the resonance energy transfer is modulated from the core mode of the PCFs towards the surface plasmon resonance mode of the metals, and the sensing performance could be boosted. Here, considering that the exciton-plasmon coupling is efficient between perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and gold, a kind of CsPbBr3 QDs/Au bilayer coated triangular-lattice PCFs has been simulated numerically as the refractive index sensors. With the optimization of the QDs and gold layer thicknesses, together with the variation of the central hole size of the PCFs, in the refractive index (RI) region of 1.26 to 1.34, a rather narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the loss spectra was achieved as 13.74 nm when the central hole size was 1.28 μm and the highest figure of merit was 63.79 RIU (the central hole size was 1.53 μm). This work demonstrates that the analyte identification accuracy was enhanced by FWHM narrowing of the loss spectra; in addition, taking the abundance of the material choice of perovskite QDs into consideration, more analytes could be detected effectively. Moreover, by adopting asymmetric structures, the sensitivity of the PCFs based refractive index sensors could be further improved..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220309 (2022)
Galloping Vibration Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines by Chirped FBG Array
Qizhong YAN, Ciming ZHOU, Xuebin FENG, Chi DENG, Wenyu HU, and Yimin XU
A distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is presented and investigated experimentally for monitoring the galloping of overhead transmission lines. The chirped FBG array enhanced Φ-OTDR A distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is presented and investigated experimentally for monitoring the galloping of overhead transmission lines. The chirped FBG array enhanced Φ-OTDR sensing system can be used to measure the galloping behavior of the overhead transmission lines (optical phase conductor or optical power ground wire), which are helpful for monitoring the frequency response characteristics of the ice-induced galloping, evaluating the motion tendencies of these cables, and avoiding the risk of flashover during galloping. The feasibility of the proposed online monitoring system is demonstrated through a series of experiments at the Special Optical Fiber Cable Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China (Beijing, China). Results show that the proposed system is effective and reliable for the monitoring of galloping shape and characteristic frequency, which can predict the trend of destructive vibration behavior and avoid the occurrence of cable breaking and tower toppling accidents, and these features are essential for the safety operation in smart grids..
Photonic Sensors
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 3, 220310 (2022)
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