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Editorial|12 Article(s)
Recent progress in matter in extreme states created by laser
K. Batani, D. Batani, X. T. He, and K. Shigemori
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2022
- Vol. 7, Issue 1, 013001 (2022)
Recent progress in atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics
Stefan Weber, Yong Wu, and Jianguo Wang
The articles in the “Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics” special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas. Basic atomic processes are of fundamental importance in confinement fusion and astrophysical environments, and also for ultrahigh–intensity interaction of lasers with matter. Atomic physics in extreme environments such as high pressures and hot or dense plasmas1,2 presents new challenges to the community, and these have to be addressed by both theoretical and experimental studies. Several extreme configurations are investigated in this special issue, which should be understood as an initiative to draw the attention of the community to important ongoing work in the context of extreme states of matter. This special issue presents eight articles from scientists actively working in this field and shows the important advances that have been made in basic atomic processes and related areas of plasma properties and plasma diagnosis over the last few years. The articles in the “Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics” special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas. Basic atomic processes are of fundamental importance in confinement fusion and astrophysical environments, and also for ultrahigh–intensity interaction of lasers with matter. Atomic physics in extreme environments such as high pressures and hot or dense plasmas1,2 presents new challenges to the community, and these have to be addressed by both theoretical and experimental studies. Several extreme configurations are investigated in this special issue, which should be understood as an initiative to draw the attention of the community to important ongoing work in the context of extreme states of matter. This special issue presents eight articles from scientists actively working in this field and shows the important advances that have been made in basic atomic processes and related areas of plasma properties and plasma diagnosis over the last few years.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2021
- Vol. 6, Issue 2, 023002 (2021)
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Michel Koenig, Weiyan Zhang, and Ho-Kwang Mao
In 2020, Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) reached a particularly important milestone when it received its first official impact factor of 2.931, which indicates the high quality of the papers published to date. This outstanding success can be attributed to the strong commitment and valuable contributions from all the reviewers. The Editors of MRE wish to express their deepest gratitude to the following individuals who generously provided advice on manuscripts as reviewers for MRE in the year of 2020. In 2020, Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) reached a particularly important milestone when it received its first official impact factor of 2.931, which indicates the high quality of the papers published to date. This outstanding success can be attributed to the strong commitment and valuable contributions from all the reviewers. The Editors of MRE wish to express their deepest gratitude to the following individuals who generously provided advice on manuscripts as reviewers for MRE in the year of 2020.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Apr. 22, 2021
- Vol. 6, Issue 2, 23001 (2021)
Matter and radiation at extremes: Prospects and impacts
Michel Koenig, David Crandall, Ho-Kwang Mao, Ke Lan, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, and Weiyan Zhang
High-energy-density science (HEDS) has been recognized as a comprehensive new area of physical science, with the potential to revolutionize various scientific and technological fields, including nuclear fusion, particle acceleration, astrophysics, and the properties of condensed matter under extreme conditions. That is why this journal, Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE), was established five years ago by the China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) with the mission of informing the worldwide scientific community about progress related to HEDS, whether this be in the basic physics, its applications, or engineering.1 New developments in HEDS have been enabled by the high-power pulsed machines and facilities that have come into operation during the last decade. From megajoule-class lasers, Z pinches to x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), these facilities provide routes toward inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition as well as overcoming a number of challenges in laboratory astrophysics. In this context, MRE seeks to become the major journal documenting developments in this exciting new discipline where the properties and behavior of matter and radiation in extreme states intertwine. High-energy-density science (HEDS) has been recognized as a comprehensive new area of physical science, with the potential to revolutionize various scientific and technological fields, including nuclear fusion, particle acceleration, astrophysics, and the properties of condensed matter under extreme conditions. That is why this journal, Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE), was established five years ago by the China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) with the mission of informing the worldwide scientific community about progress related to HEDS, whether this be in the basic physics, its applications, or engineering.1 New developments in HEDS have been enabled by the high-power pulsed machines and facilities that have come into operation during the last decade. From megajoule-class lasers, Z pinches to x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), these facilities provide routes toward inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition as well as overcoming a number of challenges in laboratory astrophysics. In this context, MRE seeks to become the major journal documenting developments in this exciting new discipline where the properties and behavior of matter and radiation in extreme states intertwine.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2021
- Vol. 6, Issue 1, 013002 (2021)
2020—Transformative science in the pressure dimension
Ho-Kwang Mao, Bin Chen, Huiyang Gou, Kuo Li, Jin Liu, Lin Wang, Hong Xiao, and Wenge Yang
Materials transform abruptly under compression, with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure. Advances in high-pressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal (GPa). Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace. Matter and Radiation under Extremes (MRE) is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in high-pressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest, importance, timeliness, and surprising conclusions. This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives, highlights, reviews, and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics, chemistry, materials, and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area. Materials transform abruptly under compression, with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure. Advances in high-pressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal (GPa). Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace. Matter and Radiation under Extremes (MRE) is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in high-pressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest, importance, timeliness, and surprising conclusions. This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives, highlights, reviews, and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics, chemistry, materials, and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2021
- Vol. 6, Issue 1, 013001 (2021)
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Weiyan Zhang, and Ho-kwang Mao
The Editors of Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) wish to express their deepest gratitude to the following individuals who generously provided advice on manuscripts as reviewers for MRE in the year of 2019 (names are listed in alphabetical order). The Editors of Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) wish to express their deepest gratitude to the following individuals who generously provided advice on manuscripts as reviewers for MRE in the year of 2019 (names are listed in alphabetical order).
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Apr. 01, 2020
- Vol. 5, Issue 2, 23001 (2020)
Editorial for the ICMRE 2018 special issue: Extreme variety and depth in Matter and Radiation at Extremes
David H. Crandall
The world is now applying a number of new facilities, advanced computing, and scientific insights to explore a variety and depth of phenomena that do not occur naturally on Earth. High power and high intensity lasers, z-pinches, and ion beams allow for laboratory investigations of material and radiation at extreme conditions in detail. The variety and depth of phenomena is beyond what most of us imagined, and scientists are eagerly considering what more can be found. This special issue illustrates the broad variety of physical phenomena under investigation. The world is now applying a number of new facilities, advanced computing, and scientific insights to explore a variety and depth of phenomena that do not occur naturally on Earth. High power and high intensity lasers, z-pinches, and ion beams allow for laboratory investigations of material and radiation at extreme conditions in detail. The variety and depth of phenomena is beyond what most of us imagined, and scientists are eagerly considering what more can be found. This special issue illustrates the broad variety of physical phenomena under investigation.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2019
- Vol. 4, Issue 6, 063003 (2019)
Preface to Special Topic: Extreme High-Field Physics Driven by Lasers
Zhengming Sheng, Bjorn Manuel Hegelich, Stefan Weber, and Yan Yin
With the continuous development of high power laser technologies, lasers with peak power at 10 petawatt (PW) or above are becoming available soon in a few laboratories worldwide. Such lasers may be focused to an intensity above 1023 W/cm2, at which heavy elements such as uranium can be stripped of electrons, entirely leaving behind pure atomic nuclei, and electrons can be accelerated to more than 10 GeV. We are entering an unprecedented regime of laser-matter interactions, where collective effects, relativistic effects, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects all play significant roles. Extremely rich nonlinear physics in this regime could be tested experimentally, such as radiation reaction, gamma-ray and pair production via different processes, laser driven nuclear physics, laser-vacuum polarization, etc. It is expected that the new understanding of physics for these extreme high field conditions will lead to a wide range of applications. With the continuous development of high power laser technologies, lasers with peak power at 10 petawatt (PW) or above are becoming available soon in a few laboratories worldwide. Such lasers may be focused to an intensity above 1023 W/cm2, at which heavy elements such as uranium can be stripped of electrons, entirely leaving behind pure atomic nuclei, and electrons can be accelerated to more than 10 GeV. We are entering an unprecedented regime of laser-matter interactions, where collective effects, relativistic effects, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects all play significant roles. Extremely rich nonlinear physics in this regime could be tested experimentally, such as radiation reaction, gamma-ray and pair production via different processes, laser driven nuclear physics, laser-vacuum polarization, etc. It is expected that the new understanding of physics for these extreme high field conditions will lead to a wide range of applications.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2019
- Vol. 4, Issue 6, 063002 (2019)
Editorial for special issue on Z-pinches
Sergey Lebedev, R. B. Spielman, and Xingwen Li
Fast Z-pinches, plasma implosions driven by MA-level ～100-ns duration current pulses, are an active research area with applications to a broad range of High Energy Density Physics studies, including investigations of properties of materials at extreme pressures,1 opacities of various plasmas at conditions found in stellar interiors,2 and scaled modelling of astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics.3 The ability of fast Z-pinches to generate extremely bright pulses of X-ray radiation is of significant interest for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) studies. The highest X-ray powers and yields are achieved using wire-array Z-pinch loads, which are capable of generating 2-MJ, 250-TW,<10-ns X-ray pulses at the largest currently operating pulsed power facility, the 25-MA Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories (New Mexico, USA). The physics of wire-array loads continue to attract significant interest from the Z-pinch community, with research aiming to further improve their operation. Fast Z-pinches, plasma implosions driven by MA-level ～100-ns duration current pulses, are an active research area with applications to a broad range of High Energy Density Physics studies, including investigations of properties of materials at extreme pressures,1 opacities of various plasmas at conditions found in stellar interiors,2 and scaled modelling of astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics.3 The ability of fast Z-pinches to generate extremely bright pulses of X-ray radiation is of significant interest for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) studies. The highest X-ray powers and yields are achieved using wire-array Z-pinch loads, which are capable of generating 2-MJ, 250-TW,<10-ns X-ray pulses at the largest currently operating pulsed power facility, the 25-MA Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories (New Mexico, USA). The physics of wire-array loads continue to attract significant interest from the Z-pinch community, with research aiming to further improve their operation.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2019
- Vol. 4, Issue 6, 063001 (2019)
Editorial for the virtual special issue on HEDP and ICF target fabrication
Yaping Dai, and D. R. Harding
Targets are an indispensable part of all inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) experiments: while a high-quality target does not guarantee the success of an experiment, a poor-quality one can definitely lead to failure. In ICF and HEDP experiments, the precision with which targets are fabricated is critical to obtaining successful results, and many cross-disciplinary scientific and technological challenges are involved in the fabrication process. These include the preparation of submillimeter-sized components with, in many instances, tolerances of tens to hundreds of nanometers, the assembly of these components with micrometer and sub-1000-arcsecond precision, and, finally, full characterization to confirm the dimensional tolerances. Worldwide, more and more researchers and groups are involved in the development of target fabrication techniques, and a great deal of progress has been made. This special issue of the journal Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) on HEDP and ICF target fabrication consists of seven papers, covering the fabrication of target components, target assembly, and characterization. Targets are an indispensable part of all inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) experiments: while a high-quality target does not guarantee the success of an experiment, a poor-quality one can definitely lead to failure. In ICF and HEDP experiments, the precision with which targets are fabricated is critical to obtaining successful results, and many cross-disciplinary scientific and technological challenges are involved in the fabrication process. These include the preparation of submillimeter-sized components with, in many instances, tolerances of tens to hundreds of nanometers, the assembly of these components with micrometer and sub-1000-arcsecond precision, and, finally, full characterization to confirm the dimensional tolerances. Worldwide, more and more researchers and groups are involved in the development of target fabrication techniques, and a great deal of progress has been made. This special issue of the journal Matter and Radiation at Extremes (MRE) on HEDP and ICF target fabrication consists of seven papers, covering the fabrication of target components, target assembly, and characterization.
Matter and Radiation at Extremes
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 2019
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 043001 (2019)
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