Journals >Frontiers of Optoelectronics
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2011
Volume: 4 Issue 4
22 Article(s)
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Research Article
Analysis of TiO2 for microelectronic applications: effect of deposition methods on their electrical properties
Davinder RATHEE, Sandeep K ARYA, and Mukesh KUMAR
Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device down-scaling is a powerful driving force for the evolution of microelectronics. The downsizing rate of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is really marvelous. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) has served as a perfect gate dielectric for the last four decades. Due toMetal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device down-scaling is a powerful driving force for the evolution of microelectronics. The downsizing rate of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is really marvelous. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) has served as a perfect gate dielectric for the last four decades. Due to physical limitations, leakage current, high interface trap charge it now needs to be replaced with higher permittivity dielectric material. Keeping the motivation for the search of high-k materials, extensive studies have been carried out on several metal oxides, such as ZrO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, Al2O3 and HfO2 for the replacement of SiO2. The high dielectric constant (k) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) will open multifaceted prospects for the use of this material in microelectronic devices. In this paper, a comparative study of various deposition methods for fabrication of thin TiO2 films has been presented. This work uses a combination of simulation results, experimental data and critical analysis of published data. Further, an experiment using sol-gel method has been carried out to deposit thin films of TiO2. It has been characterized and compared with the earlier reported fabrication methods. The X-ray diffraction analyses and Raman spectra indicate the presence of anatase TiO2 phase in the film. The dielectric constant as calculated using capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis was found to be 23. The refractive index of the film was 2.43. The TiO2 films studied for microelectronic applications and present acceptable properties such as low leakage current density of 1.0×10-5 A/cm at 1 V and band gap of 3.6 eV. The leakage current has been found to be dominant by the Schottky emission at lower electric field, while Flower-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling occurs at higher biasing voltages..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 349 (2011)
Electrically tunable silicon plasmonic phase modulators with nano-scale optical confinement
Xiaomeng SUN, Linjie ZHOU, Xinwan LI, Jingya XIE, and Jianping CHEN
Electrically tunable silicon (Si) plasmonic phase modulators with nano-scale optical confinement are presented and analyzed in this study. The modulation is realized based on two mechanisms: free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si and high electro-optic effect in polymer. The phase modulators can be found potentialElectrically tunable silicon (Si) plasmonic phase modulators with nano-scale optical confinement are presented and analyzed in this study. The modulation is realized based on two mechanisms: free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si and high electro-optic effect in polymer. The phase modulators can be found potential applications in optical telecommunication and interconnect..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 359 (2011)
Influence of V/III ratio on QD size distribution
Zhongwei SHI, Lirong HUANG, Yi YU, Peng TIAN, and Hanchao WANG
The influence of V/III ratio on the formation of quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. As V/III ratio increases, the density of QDs decreases accompanied by the transition of QD size distributThe influence of V/III ratio on the formation of quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. As V/III ratio increases, the density of QDs decreases accompanied by the transition of QD size distribution from bimodal (at V/III = 9) to single-modal (at V/III = 15), and then to bimodal (at V/III = 25) again, which is attributed to the change of the indium-species migration length at different V/III ratios. There are PL spectrum redshifts and the PL peak intensity decreases as V/III ratio increases..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 364 (2011)
Application of Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate counter electrode in polymer heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cells
Gentian YUE, Jihuai WU, Jianming LIN, Miaoliang HUANG, Ying YAO, Leqing FAN, and Yaoming XIAO
A Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/carbon conductive paste was prepared and coated on a conducting FTO glass to construct counter electrode for polymer heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The surface morphology, conductivity, sheet resistance, redox properties and photA Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/carbon conductive paste was prepared and coated on a conducting FTO glass to construct counter electrode for polymer heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The surface morphology, conductivity, sheet resistance, redox properties and photoelectric properties of carbon electrode were observed respectively by scanning electron microscopy, four-probe tester and CHI660D electrochemical measurement system. The experimental results showed that DSSCs had the best photoelectric properties for PEDOT:PSS/carbon counter electrode annealing at 80°C in vacuum conditions. Using [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) heterojunction to replace I-3 =I- redox electrolyte, the overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with barrier layer reached 4.11% under irradiation of a simulated solar light with a intensity of 100mW$cm-1 (AM 1.5), which is higher 20% than that of the DSSCs with Pt counter electrode (3.42%). The excellent photoelectric properties, simple preparation procedure and low cost allow the PEDOT:PSS/carbon electrode to be a credible alternative used in DSSCs..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 369 (2011)
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of sulfate ion based on Ag/Si nanostructure
Yueyin SHAO, Yongqian WEI, and Zhenghua WANG
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with tens of micrometer in length have been synthesized and modified with Ag nanoparticles, which were confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag/Si nanostructure was employed to detect inorganic ions SO2-4 via surface-enhSilicon nanowires (SiNWs) with tens of micrometer in length have been synthesized and modified with Ag nanoparticles, which were confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag/Si nanostructure was employed to detect inorganic ions SO2-4 via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with strong signals at low concentrations of 110-9 mol/L. This ultrasensitive method might be applied in other fields..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 378 (2011)
Synthesis and optical properties of europium pentafluoropropionate 1,10-phenanthroline complex and its silica glass
Jiangbo SHE, and Dongdong LI
Europium pentafluoropropionate 1,10-phenanthroline complex, Eu(C2F5COO)3$Phen (Phen =1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TA). At the same time, its silica glasEuropium pentafluoropropionate 1,10-phenanthroline complex, Eu(C2F5COO)3$Phen (Phen =1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TA). At the same time, its silica glass was synthesized by in situ processes. The excitation spectra of the complex demonstrate that the energy collected by “antenna ligands” was transferred to Eu3+ ions efficiently. The room-temperature PL spectra of the complexes are composed of the typical Eu3+ ions red emission, due to transitions between 5D0->7FJ(J = 0->4). The decomposition temperature of the complex was 290°C, which indicates the host complex is quite stable to heat. Then the affection of anneal temperatures on PL properties of SiO2 glass were studied. The PL intensity of the SiO2 glass annealed at 160°C was higher than other annealed temperatures for 24 h in air..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 382 (2011)
Threshold gain properties of lasing modes in ID disordered media optically pumped by femtosecond-lasing pulse
Yong LIU, and Jinsong LIU
By numerically solving Maxwell’s equations and rate equations, a comprehensive calculation on spectrum intensity and spectral widths of three localized modes via different pumping rates in one-dimensional (1D) disordered medium is investigated, in which pumping rate is described by a time function with duration of 80 fBy numerically solving Maxwell’s equations and rate equations, a comprehensive calculation on spectrum intensity and spectral widths of three localized modes via different pumping rates in one-dimensional (1D) disordered medium is investigated, in which pumping rate is described by a time function with duration of 80 fs. The spectral intensities varying with the peak value of femtosecond (fs) pumping pulse are calculated in the same disordered medium, and the calculated spectral intensities are compared with those with fixed pumping (simulation time is 6 ps). These results show that excited modes with fs pulse pumping rates are only slightly different from those with fixed pumping (picosecond (ps) pulse), which suggests the excited modes largely depend on the medium rather than the pumping rate at least for those of which pumping rates are fs and ps. At last, lifetimes of three excited modes are calculated. It is found that there is a certain corresponding relation between the mode’s lifetime and its threshold-pumping rate, which is the longer lifetime with lower threshold..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 387 (2011)
Beam quality measurement and consistent safety standard for high power laser products
Hong CHEN, Zhibin YIN, Xubao WANG, and Tiechuan ZUO
With the development of laser technology, laser application technology increasingly plays a leading role in the field of industry. High power laser products and their safety requirements are attracting more attention. In laser industrial applications, laser beam quality and the system of laser beam propagation and focuWith the development of laser technology, laser application technology increasingly plays a leading role in the field of industry. High power laser products and their safety requirements are attracting more attention. In laser industrial applications, laser beam quality and the system of laser beam propagation and focusing are greatly ignored. Furthermore, the basic safety standards for laser products have been neither widely publicized nor strictly enforced because of rapid development. This paper examines the underlying relationship between laser beam quality and laser manufacturing, and makes a comparison among different laser systems. It is also shown how the laser safety standards could be better understood and laser beam quality standard is advocated that directly relates to a mission requirement..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 393 (2011)
Modelling of beam propagation and its applications for underwater imaging
Yuzhang CHEN, Kecheng YANG, Xiaohui ZHANG, Min XIA, and Wei LI
In order to process underwater imaging to the best possible level, an imaging model based on beam propagation was established. The presented model included not only the laser beam propagation affected by absorption and scattering, but also the effects of underwater turbulence and the diffraction limit of sensors. By thIn order to process underwater imaging to the best possible level, an imaging model based on beam propagation was established. The presented model included not only the laser beam propagation affected by absorption and scattering, but also the effects of underwater turbulence and the diffraction limit of sensors. By this model approximately quantified optical transfer functions (OTFs) were studied. Thus, under this framework, the approaches of image enhancement, restoration and super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) can be extended by incorporating underwater optical properties based on OTF or point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. Experimental results proved that the imaging range and the image quality can be effectively enhanced, which are critical in underwater imaging or detecting..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 398 (2011)
Angular feature of conical emission in an isotropic amorphous medium pumped by femtosecond pulses
Jie BI
Broadband parametric upconverted conical emission (CE) has been investigated in an isotropic amorphous medium pumped by femtosecond laser pulses, which covers a broad range from 470 to 630 nm. Three theoretical models were analyzed to interpret the angular beam of CE. The CE spectra and their angular positions have beeBroadband parametric upconverted conical emission (CE) has been investigated in an isotropic amorphous medium pumped by femtosecond laser pulses, which covers a broad range from 470 to 630 nm. Three theoretical models were analyzed to interpret the angular beam of CE. The CE spectra and their angular positions have been experimentally measured, which can be explained well by nonlinear X-wave model and Cerenkov type phase matching model rather than four-wave mixing (FWM) model..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 407 (2011)
A speed measurement system utilizing an injection-seeded Tm:YAG laser
Yunshan ZHANG, Chunqing GAO, Mingwei GAO, Yan ZHENG, Lei WANG, and Ran WANG
A speed measurement system utilizing a stable single frequency Q-switched Tm:YAG laser was presented in this study. The maximum pulse energy of the laser was 2.38 mJ with the pulse repetition rate of 100 Hz. Using the speed measurement system, the revolving speed of a rotating target could be measured by optical heteroA speed measurement system utilizing a stable single frequency Q-switched Tm:YAG laser was presented in this study. The maximum pulse energy of the laser was 2.38 mJ with the pulse repetition rate of 100 Hz. Using the speed measurement system, the revolving speed of a rotating target could be measured by optical heterodyne detection technique and the maximum measurement error was 0.68 m/s..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 411 (2011)
Photonic crystal fibers for supercontinuum generation
Xian ZHU, Xinben ZHANG, Jinggang PENG, Xiang CHEN, and Jinyan LI
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) present a wavelength-scale periodic microstructure along their length. Their core and two-dimensional photonic crystal might be based on varied geometries and materials, allowing supercontinuum (SC) generation due to nonlinear effects in an extremely large wavelength range. In this paper Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) present a wavelength-scale periodic microstructure along their length. Their core and two-dimensional photonic crystal might be based on varied geometries and materials, allowing supercontinuum (SC) generation due to nonlinear effects in an extremely large wavelength range. In this paper we have reviewed PCFs utilized for SC generation. Fiber fabrication for SC generation is present. Spectral broadening mechanisms are also described in brief. Particular attention is as well as paid to PCFs including uniform PCFs, cascaded fibers, tapered fibers and PCFs with special material doped, which are commonly used to generate SC..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 415 (2011)
Nearly zero-dispersion, low confinement loss, and small effective mode area index-guiding PCF at 1.55 μm wavelength
Saeed OLYAEE, Fahimeh TAGHIPOUR, and Mahdieh IZADPANAH
In this paper, a new simple structure of indexguiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and presented. In this PCF, dispersion, confinement loss, and effective mode area characteristics are investigated in the second communication window (1.55 μm). Since 1.55 μm wavelength is widely used in optical communicationIn this paper, a new simple structure of indexguiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and presented. In this PCF, dispersion, confinement loss, and effective mode area characteristics are investigated in the second communication window (1.55 μm). Since 1.55 μm wavelength is widely used in optical communication systems, we try to optimize the PCF characteristics in this wavelength by designing an index-guiding PCF and three versions of optimized PCF. The results show that the dispersion is obtained very close to zero around 4.6×10-4 ps/(nm$km). Also, the confinement loss is 2.303×10-6 dB/km and effective mode area is as small as 2.6 μm2..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 420 (2011)
Efficient, 62.5 Watts all-fiber single-mode 1091 nm MOPA laser
Jiangming XU, Xiaolin DONG, Jinyong LENG, Pu ZHOU, and Jing HOU
A high power all-fiber single-mode 1091 nm laser is constructed in master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The home-made seed source is an Yb3+-doped fiber ring laser with 22.5mW maximal output power. A two-stage pre-amplification configuration is employed to boost seed power to 3W. The ultimate output A high power all-fiber single-mode 1091 nm laser is constructed in master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The home-made seed source is an Yb3+-doped fiber ring laser with 22.5mW maximal output power. A two-stage pre-amplification configuration is employed to boost seed power to 3W. The ultimate output power of the main amplification stage is 62.5W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 78.1%. No residual pump light or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is observed under maximal output power. Because of the using of fiber Brag grating (FBG) to select frequency in seed laser, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) linewidth of output light is narrower than 0.1 nm..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 426 (2011)
Axial strain sensitivity analysis of long period fiber grating by new transfer matrix method
Guodong WANG, Yunjian WANG, and Na LI
The axial strain sensitivity of long period fiber grating (LPFG) is analyzed by new transfer matrix method. The new transfer matrix method can be used to analyze the modes coupling between the core mode and multiple cladding modes. Compared with the previous method used, such as solving the coupled mode equation by theThe axial strain sensitivity of long period fiber grating (LPFG) is analyzed by new transfer matrix method. The new transfer matrix method can be used to analyze the modes coupling between the core mode and multiple cladding modes. Compared with the previous method used, such as solving the coupled mode equation by the fourth order adaptive step size Runge-Kutta algorithm, the new transfer matrix method (TMM) has a faster calculation speed. Theoretical results are excellent agreement with the method of solving the coupled mode equation (SCME)..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 430 (2011)
Identification and replacement of defective pixel based on Matlab for IR sensor
Minghui YANG, Sihai CHEN, Xin WU, Wen FU, and Zhangli HUANG
Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) usually contain many defective pixels. These defective pixels have to be corrected because those can significantly impair the performance of infrared image of IRFPAs. As is known to all, infrared image acquisition and analysis based on Matlab can be helpful to identify and correct dInfrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) usually contain many defective pixels. These defective pixels have to be corrected because those can significantly impair the performance of infrared image of IRFPAs. As is known to all, infrared image acquisition and analysis based on Matlab can be helpful to identify and correct defective pixels. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to identify and correct defective pixels. In the phase of identification, the defective pixels could be identified by the algorithms combined with median filtering algorithm and improved standard deviation algorithm. In the phase of correction, proportion-spatial defective pixel replacement (PSDPR) algorithm was introduced to replace the defective pixels, and this method reduced the difficulty of replacement originating from the clustering phenomenon of defective pixels. In addition, an experiment of verification was done, and showed the proposed scheme worked effectively..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 434 (2011)
Integrations of both high resolution reconstruction and non-uniformity correction of infrared image sequence based on regularized maximum a posteriori
Xiu LIU, Weiqi JIN (?), Yan CHEN, Chongliang LIU, and Bin LIU
During thermal imaging, it is vital importance to obtain high-performance images that non-uniformity noise in infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) should be eliminatined and the imaging spatial resolution should be improved as far as possible. Processing algorithms related to both of them have been hot topics, and attracDuring thermal imaging, it is vital importance to obtain high-performance images that non-uniformity noise in infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) should be eliminatined and the imaging spatial resolution should be improved as far as possible. Processing algorithms related to both of them have been hot topics, and attracted more and more attention of researchers. Considering that both high-resolution restoration algorithm of image sequences and scene-based non-uniformity correction (NUC) algorithm require multi-frame image sequences of target scene with micro-displacement, an integrated processing algorithm of high-resolution image reconstruction and NUC of infrared image sequences based on regularized maximum a posteriori (MAP) is proposed. Results of simulated and experimental thermal image suggested that this algorithm can suppress random noise and eliminate non-uniformity noise effectively, and high-resolution thermal imaging can be achieved..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 438 (2011)
Investigation of aqueous acetone solution with THz pulse spectroscopy
Jinxin BIAN, Yiming ZHU, Xiaoxuan JIA, Lin CHEN, Yan PENG, Yongcai YANG, and Songlin ZHUANG
The absorption spectra from 0.2 to 1.7 THz of five water-acetone mixtures, whose concentrations are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, has been investigated by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The result indicates that of acetone solutions with different concentrations have different absorption for THz radiation, whicThe absorption spectra from 0.2 to 1.7 THz of five water-acetone mixtures, whose concentrations are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, has been investigated by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The result indicates that of acetone solutions with different concentrations have different absorption for THz radiation, which is analyzed and attributed to the variation of the hydrogen bond. Furthermore, we also find the absorption of the water-acetone mixture almost linearly increases with the increase of water concentration in the THz range..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 444 (2011)
6-channel photonic generation of ultra-wideband signals using multiple nonlinear characteristics in a parallel FOPA structure
Liang ZHAO, and Junqiang SUN
We propose an approach to generating 6- channel polarity-inverted ultra-wideband (UWB) doublets by utilizing the parallel fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) configuration. The pulse-splitting effect in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is exploited to generate the double-overshoot and the double-undershoot, which We propose an approach to generating 6- channel polarity-inverted ultra-wideband (UWB) doublets by utilizing the parallel fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) configuration. The pulse-splitting effect in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is exploited to generate the double-overshoot and the double-undershoot, which are the basic components required to form a UWB pulse. Under the circumstances of different relative time advance/delays (RTADs) and different initial Gaussian pulse durations, the key parameters, including center frequency (Fc), 10-dB bandwidth (BW10dB) and fractional bandwidth (FBW) for a UWB doublet are systematically investigated, eventually proved in line with the U. S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 448 (2011)
Adaptive equalization for high speed optical MIMO wireless communications using white LED
Jiajie TAN, Kecheng YANG, and Min XIA
Light emitting diode (LED) is one of the most important light sources in the 21st century and has broad prospects in the illumination. Currently, the white LED is used not only for illumination, but also for transmission data. A new technique referred as visible light communication (VLC) is rapidly growing in optical cLight emitting diode (LED) is one of the most important light sources in the 21st century and has broad prospects in the illumination. Currently, the white LED is used not only for illumination, but also for transmission data. A new technique referred as visible light communication (VLC) is rapidly growing in optical communication. In order to enhance the performance of the communication link, we present optical multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) communication system to achieve high data rate, which can mitigate the shadow effect of indoor communication. Moreover, the MIMO will bring about multi-path effect, which causes inter-symbol interference (ISI) to degrade the performance of the link. Hence, an adaptive equalization technique has been used in the receiver system, which can reduce the ISI when the system is determined to receive symbol. Finally, we have simulated the MIMO system with adaptive equalization. The simulation results show significant improvement in the transmission rate using on off keying (OOK) and the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) in this channel has increased 13.5 dB after equalization..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 454 (2011)
Electroforming characteristics of SED emitter in Al-AlN granular films
Haifeng LIANG, and Wen REN
The Al-AlN granular film was proposed as a cathode emitter of surface-conduction electron-emission display (SED) and the effect of Al-AlN granular films’ resistivity on electroforming in experiment and simulation methods was studied. Electroforming could be successfully completed with appropriate Al-AlN granular film rThe Al-AlN granular film was proposed as a cathode emitter of surface-conduction electron-emission display (SED) and the effect of Al-AlN granular films’ resistivity on electroforming in experiment and simulation methods was studied. Electroforming could be successfully completed with appropriate Al-AlN granular film resistivity between 1.98 and 15.10 mΩ$cm, and the corresponding turn-on voltage of electroforming increased from 6.2 to 10.5 V with the resistivity increasing. In addition, a temperature profile on Al-AlN emitter was simulated and the temperature decreased from middle to two sides, which were corresponding to surface morphology of Al-AlN emitter after electroforming..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 462 (2011)
Design of integrated-electrode tool for electrorheological finishing of optical glasses
Binbin CHEN, Haobo CHENG, Hon Yuen TAM, and Hui LI
Electrorheological (ER) finishing utilizes the flow of electrically stiffened abrasive fluid through a preset converging gap formed by the work-piece surface and a moving tool. An ER finishing tool characterized by cathode integrated with anode together is proposed, whose electric field distribution is finite-element-aElectrorheological (ER) finishing utilizes the flow of electrically stiffened abrasive fluid through a preset converging gap formed by the work-piece surface and a moving tool. An ER finishing tool characterized by cathode integrated with anode together is proposed, whose electric field distribution is finite-element-analyzed (FEA) and is useful to finish both conductive work-piece and non-conductive ones. Experiments were performed to finish a K9 glass by this tool. After 30 minutes polishing, the surface roughness was reduced from 8.46 to 2.53 nm Ra which is better than previously reported 2.9 nm. The result verified the validity of the integrated-electrodes tool for non-conductive optical glasses..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 4, Issue 4, 467 (2011)
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