Single-pixel imaging technology is a novel imaging technique based on the theory of compressive sensing. It has the ability to achieve high-quality image reconstruction while reducing the complexity and cost of imaging systems. It offers the advantages of wide spectral response, high sensitivity, and strong robustness, and reveals potential to be applied in the fields of medical imaging, non-destructive testing, and aerospace remote sensing. During the process of modulating structured light for single-pixel imaging, it is necessary to pre-design modulation masks. Among them, deterministic Hadamard masks have received widespread attention due to their excellent binary properties and ease of experimental implementation. To improve imaging speed and quality, many researchers have focused on sorting Hadamard masks in order to obtain reliable reconstructed images under the condition of undersampling.

Femtosecond two-photon polymerization (2PP) is widely used in the fabrication of three-dimensional complex architectures with a sub-micrometer resolution. Recent applications are reported in quantum dots, scanning-probe microscopes, microchips, and biomimetic 4D printing. The conventional 2PP procedures utilize the tightly-focused femtosecond laser beam to trigger polymerization inside the photoresist. In recent years, femtosecond 2PP based on adaptive optics has attracted considerable interests due to the enhanced fabrication efficiency with numerous structured lights, such as Bessel beams, optical vortex beams, abruptly autofocusing beams and axilens beams with long focal depths. In these applications, the spatial light modulator (SLM) is introduced to generate arbitrary optical patterns through a computer-generated hologram (CGH) algorithm so that various structures could be rapidly fabricated via one-step exposure. Specifically, Bessel beams are notable for the diffraction-resistance and self-healing behaviors. Besides these properties, high-order Bessel beams also show the potential to synthesize more complex structured lights. Based on the above characteristics, high-order Bessel beams have been widely used in micro-nano manufacturing, biological imaging, optical tweezers, optical communication and other fields.

The manipulation of light-matter interaction at micro-, nanoscale is an important tool for research in fundamental physics and applied science. With flexible modulation, vectorial optical fields with spatial dependent polarization have drawn wide attention recently. In particular, the tightly focused vectorial optical field are used in areas such as super-resolution microscopy, optical tweezer, nanofabrication and near-field optics. Detecting the light field vector at nanoscale can help to optimize the optical field modulation, and explore the mechanism of light-matter interaction. It needs an optical probe with small size, low perturbation and vector measurement capability.

Microstructure optical fiber (MOF) offers a wide range of applications in short-distance communication systems, fiber lasers, supercontinuum generation, sensors, modulators and wavelength converters, as well as in various scientific fields such as optics, electronics, medicine, biology and environmental science. Conventional step-index fibers suffer from the constraints of the monotonic structure construction and material properties, which limits the further optimization of their optical performance in terms of work bandwidth, dispersion and loss. For practical purposes such as high-capacity transmission and high-power lasers, they face the challenges such as maintaining single-mode operation with a small core size, ensuring a low cutoff wavelength and matching the thermal characteristics of the core and cladding materials. In contrast, MOF, such as the well-known photonic crystal fiber (PCF), exhibit a strong dependence of the effective refractive index of the cladding on the structural parameters and wavelength, which enables a broad tunability of the effective refractive index contrast (0 ~ 90%) between the core and cladding modes. Therefore, by adjusting the structural parameters of the fiber, such as the size, shape and lattice constant of the air holes, the fundamental mode propagation constant will be effectively controlled, easily achieving single-mode transmission with zero cutoff wavelength, high numerical aperture, ultra-flat dispersion, low loss or high nonlinearity coefficient, among other desirable fiber features. These features endow PCF with an unparalleled advantage over traditional fiber.