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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Contents
2022
Volume: 37 Issue 10
16 Article(s)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Hydrophobic BN Powders by Combustion Synthesis and Its Super-hydrophobic Coatings: Preparation and Property
Qing MENG, and Jiangtao LI
BN nanofilms with hierarchical structure exhibite super-hydrophobicity, but they are not suitable for the large-scale production and application due to their complicated preparation process and expensive cost. Compared with common BN nanofilms, the application of super-hydrophobic coatings based on hydrophobic BN powde
BN nanofilms with hierarchical structure exhibite super-hydrophobicity, but they are not suitable for the large-scale production and application due to their complicated preparation process and expensive cost. Compared with common BN nanofilms, the application of super-hydrophobic coatings based on hydrophobic BN powders are more convenient. Herein, the hydrophobic single-phase BN powders were prepared by combustion synthesis method through magnesiothermic reduction reaction and acid washing, showing the water contact angle at (144.6±2.4)°. Their hydrophobic character lies in the micro-nano hierarchical structure of BN particles. The super-hydrophobic BN/fluorosilicone resin coatings were prepared using the combustion-synthesized hydrophobic BN powders as fillers. The water contact angle and sliding angle for 30% BN/fluorosilicone resin coatings (in mass) are (151.2±0.7)° and 8°, respectively, which are comparable to that of BN nanofilms fabricated by CVD method reported in the literature. This method is a convenient way to prepare super-hydrophobic organic-inorganic composite coatings by utilizing the hydrophobicity of ceramic powders. Therefore, hydrophobic BN powders and super-hydrophobic BN/fluorosilicone resin coatings are expected to have wide application..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1037 (2022)
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Adsorption Properties of Novel Bismuth-based SiOCNF Composite Membrane for Radioactive Gaseous Iodine
Cheng LIU, Qian ZHAO, Zhiwei MOU, Jiehong LEI, and Tao DUAN
Radioactive iodine is one of the typical nuclear fission products. As a result, adsorption-separation- solidification of radioactive iodine (129I, 131I, etc.) is important for nuclear power operations and spent fuel reprocessing. In this study, a novel type of bismuth-based composite nanofiber membrane (Bi@SiOCNF) was
Radioactive iodine is one of the typical nuclear fission products. As a result, adsorption-separation- solidification of radioactive iodine (
129
I,
131
I,
etc.
) is important for nuclear power operations and spent fuel reprocessing. In this study, a novel type of bismuth-based composite nanofiber membrane (Bi@SiOCNF) was prepared by thermal reduction and electro-spinning technology using a kind of commercial poly-thylsilsesquioxane resin (MK resin) as raw material. Based on SiOC fiber, the bismuth metal was uniformly loaded on the surface of SiOCNF and in the three-dimensional network space, showing excellent capability for capturing and immobilizing gaseous iodine. According to the adsorption experiment results, the material can reach the maximum saturated adsorption capacity as high as 515.2 mg/g within 2 h. Adsorption mechanism of gaseous iodine on bismuth-based SiOCNF composite nanofiber membrane was through chemical adsorption and physical adsorption which was verified by XRD, XPS and other tests. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the Bi@SiOCNF owned an excellent thermal stability. All above properties indicate that the material has potential applications in the capturing, fixation and storage of radioactive gaseous iodine in nuclear power plants and spent fuel reprocessing plants..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1043 (2022)
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Fabrication of Hollow Fiber Supported TiO
2
Ultrafiltration Membranes via Ultrasound-assisted Sol-Gel Method
Qingyang LÜ, Yuting ZHANG, and Xuehong GU
TiO2 membranes have been applied in ultrafiltration (UF) separation due to their strong hydrophilicity and good thermochemical stability, but most of them are tubular membranes with low permeation flux and time-consuming preparation. To improve the flux and save the preparation time of TiO2 membrane, hollow fiber suppo
TiO
2
membranes have been applied in ultrafiltration (UF) separation due to their strong hydrophilicity and good thermochemical stability, but most of them are tubular membranes with low permeation flux and time-consuming preparation. To improve the flux and save the preparation time of TiO
2
membrane, hollow fiber supported TiO
2
UF membranes were prepared
via
ultrasound-assisted Sol-Gel method by using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. Effects of acid/titanium molar ratio, ultrasound time and calcination temperature on TiO
2
sols and UF performance of membranes were investigated extensively. The results showed that when the acid/titanium ratio was 0.25, the obtained TiO
2
sol showed an average particle size of 3252 nm, which would be reduced to 1817 nm after ultrasonic treatment for 30 s. Coating with the above TiO
2
sol, defect-free TiO
2
UF membrane with average thickness of 1 μm can be prepared on hollow fiber support by calcining at 350 ℃ twice. The pure water flux of the obtained membrane was 145 L·m
-2
·h
-1
·bar
-1
, and the dextran molecular weight at 90% rejection of membrane was 2586 Da with corresponding average pore size of 2.5 nm..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1051 (2022)
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Heteroatom-doped Biochar for Direct Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene
Hongyu GAN, Yan FENG, Dehong YANG, Yubin TIAN, Yang LI, Tao XING, Zhi LI, Xuebo ZHAO, and Pengcheng DAI
Carbon materials have been widely used in various catalytic reactions due to their excellent properties, such as low cost and good chemical/ thermal stability. In this study, nitrogen-doped, boron-doped, and boron-nitrogen co-doped biochars were prepared by in-situ gas-phase doping strategy using natural absorbent cott
Carbon materials have been widely used in various catalytic reactions due to their excellent properties, such as low cost and good chemical/ thermal stability. In this study, nitrogen-doped, boron-doped, and boron-nitrogen co-doped biochars were prepared by
in-situ
gas-phase doping strategy using natural absorbent cotton as the raw materials. In the reaction of direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene, the heteroatom-doped biochar showed higher propane conversion and propylene selectivity than the undoped biochar. It was also found that the catalytic performance of nitrogen and boron independently doped biochar was better than that of boron and nitrogen co-doped biochar. The nitrogen-doped biochar exhibited the best catalytic performance of which, at the reaction temperature of 600 ℃, the propane conversion reached 17.6%, and the olefins yield was 14.8%. After dehydrogenation reaction for 12 h, the catalyst’s performance exhibited no apparent declination. The characterization results revealed that nitrogen doping and boron doping in biochars could transform many C-O groups on the surface of biochar into C=O groups at an advantage of propane dehydrogenation activity, which inhibits the C-C bond breaking in the reaction process and improves the selectivity of propylene. Furthermore, duo to biochars rich in resources and low cost, they would promote the industrialization of direct dehydrogenation of propane..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1058 (2022)
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Mn-HAP SCR Catalyst: Preparation and Sulfur Resistance
Yaling CHEN, Song SHU, Shaoxin WANG, and Jianjun LI
Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification is an important technology for the end treatment of flue gas and enhancing sulfur resistance of catalysts is a challenge demanding prompt solution in the field of low-temperature SCR. Here, a Mn-HAP catalyst for nitrogen removal at low temperature (100
Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification is an important technology for the end treatment of flue gas and enhancing sulfur resistance of catalysts is a challenge demanding prompt solution in the field of low-temperature SCR. Here, a Mn-HAP catalyst for nitrogen removal at low temperature (100-200 ℃) was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as carrier and Mn as an active component, and then its denitrification performance and resistance to fight against metal sulfate and ammonium sulfate poisoning were studied. The results showed that the sulfur resistance of the catalyst could be improved to a certain extent by using HAP as Mn active substance carrier. When the reaction temperature was 140 ℃, the denitrification efficiency of the SCR catalyst reached 100%. Meanwhile, the effect of metal sulfate on the denitrification activity at low temperature was more significant than that of ammonium sulfate, and the denitrification efficiency under the two sulfate species at 120 ℃ was reduced by 37.40% and 8.83%, respectively, as compared with that of fresh catalyst. Different characterization analysis indicated that different surface sulfur species could reduce the specific surface area and change the oxidation state of active Mn to various degrees. The main reason for catalysts deactivation is that the metal sulfate can significantly decrease the proportion and oxidation-reduction performance of Mn
4+
. Therefore, this study provides an important direction for improving the sulfur resistance of SCR catalysts..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1065 (2022)
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Structural Evolution and Chemical Durability of Thorium-incorporated Nd
2
Zr
2
O
7
Pyrochlore at A and B Sites
Lielin WANG, Hua XIE, Yuqi XIE, Pingtao HU, Wen YIN, Xinyue REN, and Yun DING
A2B2O7 pyrochlore is considered as a candidate host matrix for high-level radioactive wastes due to its incorporation and physicochemical stability. Nd1.8Th0.2Zr2O7 and Nd2Zr1.8Th0.2O7 pyrochlore samples doped with 20% thorium (in molar) were successfully prepared by using spray-pyrolysis and high temperature sintering
A
2
B
2
O
7
pyrochlore is considered as a candidate host matrix for high-level radioactive wastes due to its incorporation and physicochemical stability. Nd
1.8
Th
0.2
Zr
2
O
7
and Nd
2
Zr
1.8
Th
0.2
O
7
pyrochlore samples doped with 20% thorium (in molar) were successfully prepared by using spray-pyrolysis and high temperature sintering method. The structures of the synthesized immobilization were characterized, and the chemical durability tests were investigated by the MCC-1 method. Structural analyses show that samples Nd
1.8
Th
0.2
Zr
2
O
7
and Nd
2
Zr
1.8
Th
0.2
O
7
exhibit pure single pyrochlore structure. Rietveld refinement analyses show that the value of 48f oxygen site parameter of 20% thorium-doped Nd
2
Zr
2
O
7
pyrochlore increases, which suggests that the structure is transforming from ordered pyrochlore to disordered structure, as compared with Nd
2
Zr
2
O
7
. The Nd
1.8
Th
0.2
Zr
2
O
7
pyrochlore structure evolution results from the distortion of the AO
8
hexahedral structure, while the B-site substitution leads to partial deformation of the BO
6
octahedron. The leaching experiment results show that the normalized leaching rate of thorium is as low as 10
-5
g·m
-2
·d
-1
after 42 d. Thorium can be well incorporated at the A and B cation sites of the Nd
2
Zr
2
O
7
pyrochlore structure of which the immobilization exhibits the excellent physical and chemical properties..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1073 (2022)
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Effect of Te and In Co-doping on Thermoelectric Properties of Cu
2
SnSe
3
Compounds
PeiAn REN, Cong WANG, Peng ZI, Qirui TAO, Xianli SU, and Xinfeng TANG
Recently, Cu2SnSe3-based compounds, as a new environment-friendly thermoelectric material, have attracted worldwide attentions. However, the pristine Cu2SnSe3 compound possesses relatively low carrier concentration and thus an inferior electronic transport properties. To optimize the thermoelectric properties of Cu2SnS
Recently, Cu
2
SnSe
3
-based compounds, as a new environment-friendly thermoelectric material, have attracted worldwide attentions. However, the pristine Cu
2
SnSe
3
compound possesses relatively low carrier concentration and thus an inferior electronic transport properties. To optimize the thermoelectric properties of Cu
2
SnSe
3
- based compounds, herein, two series of Cu
2
SnSe
3-
x
Te
x
(
x
=0-0.2) and Cu
2
Sn
1-
y
In
y
Se
2.9
Te
0.1
(
y
=0.005-0.03) samples were synthesized through traditional melting-annealing technique combined with plasma activated sintering (PAS). The role of Te and In co-doping on the thermoelectric properties of Cu
2
SnSe
3
-based compounds were systematically investigated. The solubility limit of Te in the Cu
2
SnSe
3-
x
Te
x
compounds is around 0.10. The substitution of Te on Se site significantly increases the effective mass of charge carrier from 0.2
m
e
for pristine Cu
2
SnSe
3
compound to 0.45
m
e
for Cu
2
SnSe
2.9
Te
0.1
compound, which improves the power factor of the material. Cu
2
SnSe
2.99
Te
0.01
compound attains the maximum power factor of 1.37 μW·cm
-1
·K
-2
at 300 K. To further improve the electronic transport properties of the material, Cu
2
SnSe
2.9
Te
0.1
was chosen as the matrix and In was selected to dope on Sn site. We found that doping with In significantly improves the carrier concentration of Cu
2
SnSe
3
-based compounds from 5.96×10
18
cm
-3
for Cu
2
SnSe
2.9
Te
0.1
to 2.06×10
20
cm
-3
for Cu
2
Sn
0.975
In
0.025
Se
2.9
Te
0.1
, which promotes the participation of multiple valence bands in the electronic transport. All these produce the great enhancements on the electrical conductivity, effective mass of charge carriers and power factor. As a result, Cu
2
Sn
0.995
In
0.005
Se
2.9
Te
0.1
compound obtains the maximum power factor of 5.69 μW·cm
-1
·K
-2
at 473 K. Due to the significant improvement of electrical transport performance and the decrease in lattice thermal conductivity, the maximum
ZT
of 0.4 is achieved for Cu
2
Sn
0.985
In
0.025
Se
2.9
Te
0.1
compound at 773 K, which is 4 times higher than that of pristine Cu
2
SnSe
3
compound..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1079 (2022)
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Effect of Li
2
O Sintering Aid on Sintering Characteristics and Electrical Conductivity of LSGM Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Shuai FAN, Tian JIN, Shanlin ZHANG, Xiaotao LUO, Chengxin LI, and Changjiu LI
This work investigated the influence of Li2O as a sintering aid on the sintering behavior of La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells, which systematically presented the effects of sintering aid content and sintering temperature on the density, microstructure, phase composition, and the io
This work investigated the influence of Li
2
O as a sintering aid on the sintering behavior of La
0.8
Sr
0.2
Ga
0.8
Mg
0.2
O
3-
δ
(LSGM) electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells, which systematically presented the effects of sintering aid content and sintering temperature on the density, microstructure, phase composition, and the ionic conductivity of sintered LSGM bulk. The results show that addition of Li
2
O sintering aid not only reduces the sintering temperature, but also eliminates the LaSrGa
3
O
7
impurity phase in the sintered LSGM and suppresses the formation of MgO impurity phase which is easily generated during the conventional sintering process. Moreover, the addition of Li
2
O increases the ionic conductivity of sintered LSGM electrolytes. When 1% (molar percentage) Li
2
O is added, the LSGM bulk sintered at 1400 ℃ for 4 h reaches 99% of the theoretical density and presents a single perovskite stracture. When tested at 800 ℃, the ionic conductivity of the sintered bulk reaches 0.17 S/cm, which is 20% higher than that of the sample without sintering aid. All results demonstrate that adding an appropriate amount of Li
2
O as sintering aid is of great significance for the application of high ionic conductivity electrolyte in intermediate- temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs)..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1087 (2022)
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BiZn
x
/Si Photocathode: Preparation and CO
2
Reduction Performance
Chengjin LI, Yi XUE, Xiaoxia ZHOU, and Hangrong CHEN
The conversion of CO2 into high value-added chemicals is an effective way to realize the carbon cycle, alleviate energy crisis and environmental problems. The preparation of metal-semiconductor electrodes provides a new idea for CO2 conversion by photoelectric coupling technology. In this study, Si was etched in alkali
The conversion of CO
2
into high value-added chemicals is an effective way to realize the carbon cycle, alleviate energy crisis and environmental problems. The preparation of metal-semiconductor electrodes provides a new idea for CO
2
conversion by photoelectric coupling technology. In this study, Si was etched in alkali solution, on which a bimetallic Bi, Zn co-modified Si photoelectrocathode (BiZn
x
/Si) was prepared
via
the electrodeposition process, for the photoelectrochemical reduction CO
2
. The results show that the introduction of Bi and Zn can improve the light absorption performance, reduce the electrochemical impedance, and increase the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Especially, the ECSA of the best photoelectrocathode BiZn
2
/Si is 0.15 mF·cm
-2
. Besides, the cooperative effect of Bi and Zn can improve the adsorption performance toward the intermediates *OCHO. During the photoelectrochemical reduction of CO
2
, the Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH reaches up to 96.1% on the best photoelectrocathode BiZn
2
/Si at the potential of -0.8 V (
vs
. RHE). Moreover, the photocurrent intensity on the photoelectrocathode BiZn
2
/Si remained -13 mA·cm
-2
during the 10 h photoelectric stability test, suggesting its high stability..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1093 (2022)
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Synthesis of Orthorhombic Black Phosphorus by Chemical Vapor Transport Method
Mingfu FU, Wen YANG, Jiabao LI, Shukang DENG, Qihang ZHOU, Xiaobo FENG, and Peizhi YANG
Black phosphorus (BP) with excellent and unique physical and chemical properties has emerged as the most promising semiconductor for energy storage and conversion, micro-nano devices, photo- and electro-catalysis, biomedicine, and so on. It is crucial to synthesize high-quality precursors of orthorhombic BP for realizi
Black phosphorus (BP) with excellent and unique physical and chemical properties has emerged as the most promising semiconductor for energy storage and conversion, micro-nano devices, photo- and electro-catalysis, biomedicine, and so on. It is crucial to synthesize high-quality precursors of orthorhombic BP for realizing the applications of two-dimensional BP and zero-dimensional BP quantum dots. Herein, the effects of mineralizer components and ratios on BP growth were studied by the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method without temperature gradient. The results indicate that orthorhombic BP can be synthesized under some experimental combinations that can be considered viable only when tin (or lead) and iodine coexist together with the appropriate ratio. And the mass ratio ranges of tin and iodine
w
(Sn/I
2
) for BP preparation is wide, and the size of BP crystal obtained at
w
(Sn/I
2
)=0.47 is up to 1.2 cm, of which yield and crystal quality are superior. Combined with the nucleation and growth mechanism of BP, tin and iodine are severely significant for the nucleation and growth of BP, which has been widely accepted. Mineralization effect of iodine is more obvious than that of tin, and sufficient tin contributes to the synthesis of large-size bulk BP crystals without temperature gradient. As a result,
w
(Sn/I
2
)=0.47 is the optimal minera lizer ratia for fabricating orthorhombic BP in this work..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1102 (2022)
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Preparation and Characterization of Ag
2
Se-based Ink Used for Inkjet Printing
Keyi ZHANG, Qi ZHENG, Lianjun WANG, and Wan JIANG
Preparation of silver selenide (Ag2Se) based thin films is significant to the micro devices. However, most of reported methods for preparing Ag2Se films have not achieved the accuracy control and flexible pattern design of films. Inkjet printing technology is believed to provide a valid approach to solve this problem b
Preparation of silver selenide (Ag
2
Se) based thin films is significant to the micro devices. However, most of reported methods for preparing Ag
2
Se films have not achieved the accuracy control and flexible pattern design of films. Inkjet printing technology is believed to provide a valid approach to solve this problem by which combination Ag
2
Se and inkjet printing technology shows high value and importance. In this work, Ag
2
Se nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method and then dispensed into different solvents to obtain the ink with high stability. Jetting parameters were further developed to achieve the jetting of Ag
2
Se ink and optimize the morphology of droplets. Ag
2
Se thin films were prepared on polyimide substrates
via
inkjet printing with different printing layers. As-printed films were finally annealed to increase the crystalline and density. The phase and surface morphology of Ag
2
Se films were characterized and the electrical conductivity of the films was measured by using four-probe measurement. Ag
2
Se films can achieve higher density and crystallinity with ink concentration and printing layers increasing, which leads to higher electrical conductivity. Improvement of structure and performance of Ag
2
Se films result from the increasing deposition and stacking density of Ag
2
Se nanoparticles. The electrical conductivity of inkjet-printed Ag
2
Se film can reach as high as 399 S·cm
-1
at the ink concentration of 5 mg·mL
-1
and the number of printing layers of 40, which provides a new orientation to prepare Ag
2
Se based films and devices..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1109 (2022)
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Preparation and Characterization of β-tricalcium Phosphate/Nano Clay Composite Scaffolds via Digital Light Processing Printing
Hang ZHANG, Kunyuan HAN, Lanlan DONG, and Xiang LI
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has biodegradability and biocompatibility, but its inherent brittleness limits its application in load-bearing implants. In order to further improve the mechanical property and biocompatibility of β-TCP, β-TCP/NC (TNC) composite scaffold with nano clay (NC) as additive and the porous stru
β
-tricalcium phosphate (
β
-TCP) has biodegradability and biocompatibility, but its inherent brittleness limits its application in load-bearing implants. In order to further improve the mechanical property and biocompatibility of
β
-TCP,
β
-TCP/NC (TNC) composite scaffold with nano clay (NC) as additive and the porous structure of the scaffold has a pore size of 200-300 μm was prepared by digital light processing (DLP) technique. When the content of NC is 10% (in mass), the sintering shrinkage of each structural feature of the support (TNC10) is the smallest. Addition of NC does not change the phase composition of TCP, and Si and Mg elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the scaffold. Addition of NC can improve the compression strength of TCP scaffolds. NC (particle size < 500 nm) is fused in the gap of TCP particles. Compared with pure TCP scaffolds, the compression strength of TNC10 is increased by 10%. In addition, the specific surface area of TNC10 group was more than 2 times higher than that of pure TCP. TNC degradation rate is faster while Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Si
4+
, and Li
2+
can be continuously released, which maintains a weakly alkaline environment. The results demonstrate that the addition of NC has a certain promotion effect on the mechanical strength, degradation performance
β
-TCP scaffolds. Porous bioceramic scaffolds with good physical, chemical property by DLP method have great application prospects in the field of bone repair..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1116 (2022)
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Mechanism of Mg-codoping in Improving the Time Performance of Gd
3
(Al,Ga)
5
O
12
:Ce Scintillator
Mingqing LI, Linwei WANG, Dongzhou DING, and He FENG
With its excellent comprehensive performance, Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce (GAGG:Ce) scintillation crystal has broad application prospects. To accelerate the luminescence decay rate, Mg-codoped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce single crystals were grown by Czochralski method. The test results show that with the concentration of Mg2+ increasing,
With its excellent comprehensive performance, Gd
3
(Al,Ga)
5
O
12
:Ce (GAGG:Ce) scintillation crystal has broad application prospects. To accelerate the luminescence decay rate, Mg-codoped Gd
3
(Al,Ga)
5
O
12
:Ce single crystals were grown by Czochralski method. The test results show that with the concentration of Mg
2+
increasing, the scintillation decay of the crystal accelerates and the light output decreases. The conventional interpretation suggests that Mg
2+
could convert part of Ce
3+
into Ce
4+
through charge compensation, and the Ce
4+
luminesces more quickly. This study tries to discuss the mechanism of Mg-codoping in GAGG:Ce crystals from the perspective of antisite defect. Since the ionic radius of Ce is larger than Gd, the doping of Ce ions leads to a distortion of the crystal lattice near the luminescence center Ce
Gd
. As a result of the distortion, the space of the adjacent octahedral sites become larger, and the antisite defects are more likely to form in these larger octahedral sites. Eventually each luminescence center Ce
Gd
is surrounded by four antisite defects Gd
Al
, which would capture carriers and delay the energy transfer from the matrix to the luminescence center. As the ionic radius of Mg is between Gd and Al, Mg
Al
also prefers to form in those distorted octahedral sites, which inhibits the formation (or enrichment) of the antisite defect Gd
Al
near the luminescence center Ce
Gd
, and eventually reduces (or even eliminates) the adverse effects of the antisite defect on the luminescence center. XEL results show that with the increase of Mg concentration, the emission peak related to the antisite defect becomes weaker, which indicates that Mg could inhibit the formation of the antisite defect..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1123 (2022)
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Centimeter-sized Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
Single Crystal: Synthesized by Low-cost Solution Method and Optical and Scintillation Properties
Tingting XU, Yunyun LI, Qian WANG, Jingkang WANG, Guohao REN, Dazhi SUN, and Yuntao WU
In recent years, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites/quasi-perovskites with high photoluminescence quantum yield have shown potential application prospects in nuclear radiation detection. In this paper, centimeter- sized zero-dimensional perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 single crystals with high optical quality was grown by th
In recent years, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites/quasi-perovskites with high photoluminescence quantum yield have shown potential application prospects in nuclear radiation detection. In this paper, centimeter- sized zero-dimensional perovskite Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals with high optical quality was grown by the anti solvent diffusion method. The optical absorption, transmittance photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL), time-resolved photoluminescence, X-ray excited radioluminescence (XEL), afterglow, thermoluminescence (TL) and
γ
-ray detection performance of Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals were comprehensively investigated. The optical bandgap of as-prepared Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals is 3.68 eV. Under the excitation of X-ray, Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals show blue emission peaking at 448 nm originated from self-trapped exciton emission, and the principal scintillation decay time is 947 ns (96%). The afterglow level of Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals is comparable to that of commercial BGO crystal. In addition, Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals exhibit a high light yield of 29000 photons/MeV as
γ
-ray scintillators, and their scintillation properties are comparable to that of Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals prepared by the melt growth method. Therefore, this work demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost crystal growth of high-performance Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
single crystals..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1129 (2022)
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MoS
2
with Different Morphologies: Preparation and Gas-sensing Property of NH
3
Wenbo LI, Rong QIAN, Shangjun ZHUO, Hong JIANG, Cheng SHENG, and Yueqin ZHU
Ammonia leak is one of the key factors for air pollution, which may cause acute edema, respiratory failure and other diseases harmful to human health. Nowadays, the development of high-performance ammonia sensors has become one of the important means of real-time monitoring and safety warning of ammonia. In this work,
Ammonia leak is one of the key factors for air pollution, which may cause acute edema, respiratory failure and other diseases harmful to human health. Nowadays, the development of high-performance ammonia sensors has become one of the important means of real-time monitoring and safety warning of ammonia. In this work, three types of molybdenum disulfide with different morphologies of nanoflower, nanosphere and nanosheet were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and three types of MoS
2
ammonia sensors were constructed. The results of gas-sensing experiments showed that among these MoS
2
ammonia sensors with different morphologies, the NH
3
gas sensor made of nanoflowers MoS
2
performed the best performance with a high response value of 7.41% to 10×10
-6
NH
3
, while those of the nanosheets MoS
2
and nanospheres MoS
2
sensors under the same NH
3
concentration were 2.01% and 5.11%, respectively. In addition, the nanoflowers MoS
2
sensor also exhibited excellent repeatability, stability and selectivity. The reason for the superior response performance of the nanoflower MoS
2
ammonia sensor is mainly due to the larger surface area, which could provide more active sites for the adsorption of ammonia. This study demonstrates an effective way to prepare high-performance NH
3
sensors with using MoS
2
as the substrate material..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1135 (2022)
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RESEARCH LETTER
NiN
4
/Cr Embedded Graphene for Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation
Jing WU, Libing YU, Shuaishuai LIU, Qiuyan HUANG, Shanshan JIANG, Matveev ANTON, Lianli WANG, Erhong SONG, and Beibei XIAO
Owing to the heavy energy consumption and the massive CO2 emission during ammonia synthesis via Haber-Bosch process, a clean technology of nitrogen reduction electrocatalysis under ambient conditions is of significance for the sustainable energy conversion progress in future. In the study, the nitrogen reduction reacti
Owing to the heavy energy consumption and the massive CO
2
emission during ammonia synthesis
via
Haber-Bosch process, a clean technology of nitrogen reduction electrocatalysis under ambient conditions is of significance for the sustainable energy conversion progress in future. In the study, the nitrogen reduction reaction of TM
1
N
4
/TM
2
embedded graphene is comprehensively investigated using density functional theory calculations. Fully considering the activity and stability, our results reveal that NiN
4
/Cr anchored graphene exhibits the best catalytic activity
via
the enzymatic reaction pathway wherein the potential determining step is located at the first hydrogenation with an onset potential of 0.57 V, being superior to the commercial Ru-based material. Furthermore, compared with the isolated Cr atom decorated nitrogen functionalized graphene, the introduction of NiN
4
moiety decreases Δ
G
max
and enhances the electrocatalytic performance. According to the Mulliken charge analysis, the physical origin of the catalytic activity is ascribed to the electron transition between the supports and reaction intermediates. Overall, these results pave a way for the design of the high efficient electrode material for ammonia synthesis and provide a fundamental insight into the electrocatalysis..
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Journal of Inorganic Materials
Publication Date: Oct. 20, 2022
Vol. 37, Issue 10, 1141 (2022)
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