Water-based paints are environmentally friendly and resource-saving and are increasingly favored by consumers, with broad market potential and development prospects. Due to the poor compatibility between water and organic resin, the hardness, wear resistance, and aging resistance of water-based paint film are poor. In order to improve the properties of water-based paints, the bonding mechanism between Scotch pine and -water-based acrylic paint was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique; the -water-based acrylic paint was modified by nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2, and the effects of the modified water-based paint on the hardness, wear resistance and aging resistance of the paint film were studied. The results showed that the intensity of 3 349 cm-1 (O—H stretching vibration) of Scotch pine decreased after coating with water-based paint, indicating that more stable hydrogen bonds were formed between pine and water-based paint. The intensity of the peak at 1 727 cm-1 (the stretching vibration of CO in the carboxyl group) of coated Scotch pine was lower than that of pure water-based paint, and the intensity of 1 239 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C—O in ester group) of Scotch pine increased after coating with water-based paint. It characterized the esterification of the carboxyl group in water-based paint with the hydroxyl group in Scotch pine. A new peak of coated Scotch pine appeared at 1 109 cm-1, assigned to the asymmetric vibration of C—O in C—O—C, indicating the etherification between the hydroxyl groups in Scotch pine and water-based paint. This study revealed that in addition to the physical combination of acrylic acid and Scotch pine, chemical reactions occurred to make the film and wood bond more firmly. At the same time, the performance analysis of the nano-modified acrylic water-based paint film showed that it had the same adhesion and water resistance as the commercial one. The nano-SiO2 modified acrylic water-based paint was superior in the film hardness and abrasion resistance, while the nano-TiO2 modification had greater effects on anti-aging properties. It was believed that adding 3% nano-SiO2 to the top and bottom paint respectively was most suitable for indoor wood products. After this modification, the hardness of the paint film reached 3H, and the adhesion and water resistance were up to Grade 1. Besides, adding 1% nano-TiO2 to the top paint was most suitable for outdoor wood products, and the hardness and water resistance of the paint film reached H and Grade 1, respectively, and the aging resistance was optimal. This study can provide a theoretical data for the research of nano-modified water-based paint, and has guiding significance for promoting the optimization and modification, broadening the application range and increasing the added value of water-based paints.