The mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 was synthesized by hydrothermal method under microwave irradiation and the levofloxacin was encapsulated in the hexagonal ordered channels of MCM-41 using pickling process. The structure and property of MCM-41 and LVFX/MCM-41 were characterized by means of small-angle X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 physical adsorption， and thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis （TGA-DTA）. The pore diameter and the specific surface area of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 synthesized under microwave irradiation were 2.382 nm and 1 015 m2·g-1 respectively. The fluorescence spectra of MCM-41, LVFX/MCM-41, LVFX （solid） and LVFX （solution） were investigated. The results indicated that there were some visible red shifts in the fluorescence spectrum of the composite of LVFX/MCM-41 as compared with the samples before being encapsulated. It was inferred from the results that hydrogen bonds were formed between levofloxacin and the hydroxy group in the inner pores, and the electron cloud could transfer from the hydroxy group to electro-attracting group. At the same time, the electron cloud could transfer in much larger annulations, and the conjugated system of LVFX was extended because of the new annulations formed, which contributed to the red shifts of the fluorescence spectra. The strong interactions between the LVFX and MCM-41 provided the theory for developing a novel delayed release drug using MCM-41 as the carriers.