Gansu Province is one of China’s most widely distributed areas of grottoes. Many of the grottoes are civilized in the world. Yunya Temple is located in Zhuanglang County, which was first developed in the Northern Wei Dynasty, developed in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. It is an extremely important cave in the Longdong area. The Ming Dynasty sculptures are unique in the grottoes because of the high value of cultural relics, beautiful shapes, and preservations and integrities. They are very important to the study of Buddhist art. In this paper, taking Cave 6 and Cave 7 of Yunya Temple Grottoes as the research objects, the integrated use of visible light photography, infrared photography, depth of field microscope ( OM ), scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum ( SEM-EDS ), X-ray diffraction ( XRD ), portable X-ray fluorescence ( XRF ), laser Raman ( Raman ) and other technologies to produce materials and process analysis. The results show that the painted sculpture production process here is consistent with the traditional painted sculpture production process in Gansu, and the structures are the skeleton layer, clay plastic layer and color painting layer. Among them, the skeleton layers are divided into two kinds: wood skeleton and stone combined wood skeleton. Stone is a cliff body, mainly composed of quartz, albite, potassium feldspar, micro plagioclase, and goethite, a typical sandstone. The mud layer is divided into coarse and fine mud layers, and wheat straw and hemp are added as additive materials during production. The main components are quartz, albite and plagioclase. The painting layer is composed of a pigment layer and a gold layer. The red pigment is cinnabar and plumbum. The brown pigment is iron red, the green pigment is copper chloride, the white pigment is chalk, and the black pigment is carbon black. Drpiment is used as the orange pigment for some painted sculpture in Cave 7. Leaching powder paste is used in many places, such as collars, sleeves, patterns, etc. Compared with gold paste, mud gold, and appropriation, the leaching powder paste is more three-dimensional, which enhances the solemnity and aesthetic effect color plastic, and has a wide range of applications. Clothing patterns and base patterns were obtained using infrared photography ofoil smoke pollution, dust and other diseases. This work comprehensively analyzes the production process and materials of the colored sculptures in the Ming Dynasty of Yunya Temple, which is helpful for the systematic study of small and medium-sized grottoes in China. Also, it provides a scientific data base for the follow-up protection of grottoes and temples.